The government of the Republic of China ( RoC ) , controlled Control by Chiang Kai-shek and the Kuomintang ( KMT ) , and 1.3 million anti-Communist Chinese supporters fled Escaping from mainland China .

The RoC government relocated Change to the island of Taiwan .

The territory under RoC control Control was reduced Cause_change_of_position_on_a_scale to Taiwan , Hainan , the Pescadores Islands ( Penghu ) , and several island groups along the south-east coast of China .

RoC forces Hostile_encounter there evacuated Removing to Taiwan in May 1950 .