although the presidential impeachment referendum Change_of_leadership showed Statement that over 80 % of the voters wanted his dismissal Removing , the referendum Change_of_leadership was invalidated by the constitutional court due Causation to presence below 50 % at polls .

the protest march started Process_start near the white house in lafayette park where many protesters raised Cause_change_of_position_on_a_scale placards to show their disapproval of the war and to demand impeachment of the president for war crimes .

on november 13 , 2000 , the house of representatives led by speaker manuel villar transmitted Sending the articles of impeachment , signed by 115 representatives , to the senate .

The impeachment trial was formally opened Openness on November 20 , with twenty-one senators taking their oaths as judges , and Supreme Court Chief Justice Hilario Davide , Jr. presiding .