As Alain Geismar—one of the leaders of the time—later pointed out , the movement succeeded `` as a social revolution Change_of_leadership , not as a political one '' .

The final was refereed by Irish referee Alain Rolland .

According to Alain Menargues , the direct perpetrators of the killings Killing were the `` Young Men '' , a gang recruited by Elie Hobeika , a prominent figure in the Phalanges , the Lebanese Forces intelligence chief and liaison officer with Mossad , from men who had been expelled Removing from the Lebanese Forces for insubordination or criminal activities .