After conquering Conquering the Achaemenid Empire of Persia , the Macedonian king ( and now the great king of the Persian Empire ) , Alexander , launched Military_operation a campaign into the Indian subcontinent in present-day Pakistan , part of which formed Coming_to_be the easternmost territories of the Achaemenid Empire following Motion the Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley ( 6th century BC ) .

This caused Causation Alexander to turn Motion south , advancing Cause_to_make_progress through southern Punjab and Sindh , along the way conquering Conquering more tribes along the lower Indus River , before finally turning Motion westward .

The floods Catastrophe in Pakistan began Process_start in late July 2010 , resulting from heavy monsoon rains in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Sindh , Punjab and , Balochistan regions of Pakistan , which affected Influence the Indus River basin .