It began Process_start as a series of political Social_event and military confrontations Hostile_encounter , between Julius Caesar ( 100–44 BC ) , his political supporters ( broadly known as Populares ) , and his legions , against the Optimates ( or `` Boni '' ) , the politically conservative and socially traditionalist faction of the Roman Senate , who were supported Supporting by Pompey ( 106–48 BC ) and his legions .

The Optimates under Marcus Junius Brutus and Cicero surrendered Surrendering after the battle Hostile_encounter , while others , including those under Cato the Younger and Metellus Scipio fought Hostile_encounter on .

The following year , Caesar defeated Conquering the last of the Optimates in the Battle Hostile_encounter of Munda and became Becoming `` Dictator perpetuo '' ( Dictator in perpetuity or Dictator for life ) of Rome .