The Spanish campaign against the Aztec Empire had its final victory on 13 August 1521 , when a coalition army of Spanish forces and native Tlaxcalan warriors led by Cortés and Xicotencatl the Younger captured Conquering the emperor Cuauhtemoc and Tenochtitlan , the capital of the Aztec Empire .

Post-war writing by senior German officers like Hermann von Kuhl , Gerhard Tappen , Wilhelm Groener and the historians led by the former ( Lieutenant-Colonel ) Wolfgang Förster , managed Preventing_or_letting to establish a commonly accepted narrative that it was the failure to follow the blueprint by Moltke the Younger , rather than German strategic miscalculation , that condemned Judgment_communication the belligerents to four years of attrition warfare instead of the quick , decisive conflict it `` should '' have been .

The Optimates under Marcus Junius Brutus and Cicero surrendered Surrendering after the battle Hostile_encounter , while others , including those under Cato the Younger and Metellus Scipio fought Hostile_encounter on .

The rebels were led Causation by the Younger Khoja ( also known as Khwāja-i Jahān ) , leader of the .