The earliest Arab accounts Statement that have come Motion down to us are those of ibn 'Abd al-Hakam , al-Baladhuri and Khalifah ibn Khayyat , all of which were written in Writing the 9th century , some 200 years after the first invasions Attack .

In the case of the most informative , the `` History of the Conquest of Egypt and North Africa and Spain '' by ibn 'Abd al-Hakam , Robert Brunschvig has shown Presence that it was written Writing with a view Perception_active to illustrating Statement points of Maliki law rather than documenting Recording a history , and that some of the events it describes Statement are probably historical .