Cortés made Causation alliances with tributaries city-states ( `` altepetl '' ) of the Aztec Empire as well as their political rivals , particularly the Tlaxcalteca and Texcocans , a former partner in the Aztec Triple Alliance .

Other city-states also joined Becoming_a_member , including Cempoala and and polities bordering Lake Texcoco , the inland lake system of the Valley of Mexico .

At the time of the battle Hostile_encounter , Sparta and Athens were the two largest city-states in Greece .

He was opposed Agree_or_refuse_to_act by Macedon and a coalition of Greek city-states ( poleis ) , most notably Sparta .

Ancient Greek warfare , meanwhile , originally a limited and formalized form of conflict , was transformed Change into an all-out struggle between city-states , complete with atrocities on a large scale .

The Battle Hostile_encounter of Chaeronea was fought Hostile_encounter in 338 BC , near the city of Chaeronea in Boeotia , between the Macedonians led by Philip II of Macedon and an alliance of some of the Greek city-states led by Athens and Thebes .

To many of the fiercely independent city-states , Philip 's power after 346 BC was perceived as a threat , especially in Athens , where the politician Demosthenes led efforts to break Destroying away from Philip 's influence Influence .