According to a 2004 study published Publishing by the Southern African Migration Project ( SAMP ) : The ANC government – in its attempts to overcome the divides of the past and build new forms of social Social_event cohesion ... embarked Self_motion on an aggressive and inclusive nation-building project .

Lack Earnings_and_losses of food and fodder for the horses , hypothermia from the bitter cold and persistent guerilla warfare upon isolated troops from Russian peasants and Cossacks led to Causation great losses in men , and a breakdown of discipline and cohesion in the .

Lacking a unified strategy ( or army ) and fighting a defensive Defending campaign , from April onwards the army lost Earnings_and_losses cohesion and its special advantages .

In the subsequent battles Hostile_encounter and withdrawals Escaping during the period of November 26 to December 2 , 1950 , although the US Eighth Army managed Control to avoid Preventing_or_letting being surrounded Surrounding by PVA forces Causation , the PVA 13th Army were still able to inflict Causation heavy losses Earnings_and_losses onto the retreating Escaping UN forces which had lost Earnings_and_losses all cohesion .