The Birmingham campaign , or Birmingham movement , was a movement Social_event organized Arranging in early 1963 by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference ( SCLC ) to bring Bringing attention to the integration efforts of African Americans in Birmingham , Alabama .

The invasion Attack of Anjouan ( code-named Operation `` Democracy in Comoros '' ) , on25 March 2008 , was an amphibious assault Attack led Causation by the Comoros , backed by African Union ( AU ) forces , including troops from Sudan , Tanzania , Senegal , along with logistical support Supporting from Libya and France .

The Roman force pushed Self_motion on to Cirta , and gained Getting control Control of the town merely by showing the African leader in chains .

The Jameson Raid ( 29 December 1895 – 2 January 1896 ) was a botched raid Attack against the South African Republic ( commonly known as the Transvaal ) carried out Action by British colonial statesman Leander Starr Jameson and his Company troops ( `` police '' in the employ Employment of Alfred Beit 's and Cecil Rhodes ' British South Africa Company ) and Bechuanaland policemen over the New Year weekend of 1895–96 .

In May 2008 , a series of attacks Attack left 62 people dead Death ; although 21 of those killed Killing were South African citizens .

According to a 2004 study published Publishing by the Southern African Migration Project ( SAMP ) : The ANC government – in its attempts to overcome the divides of the past and build new forms of social Social_event cohesion ... embarked Self_motion on an aggressive and inclusive nation-building project .

One unanticipated by-product of this project has been a growth in intolerance towards outsiders ... Violence against foreign citizens and African refugees has become Becoming increasingly common and communities are divided by hostility and suspicion .

The study was based on a citizen survey Scrutiny across member states of the Southern African Development Community ( SADC ) and found Know South Africans expressing Expressing_publicly the harshest anti-immigrant sentiment , with 21 % of South Africans in favour of a complete Process_end ban on foreign entry and 64 % in favour of strict limitations on the numbers permitted .

Al-Qaeda 's North African branch , al-Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb ( AQIM ) , threatened Warning retribution against the Shia Muslim group , saying Telling in a statement Statement that it knew Know `` with certainty '' that Hezbollah was responsible for the attack .

The Second Barbary War ( 1815 ) or the U.S.–Algerian war was fought Hostile_encounter between the United States and the North African Barbary Coast states of Tripoli , Tunis , and Ottoman Algeria .

South African Prime Minister H.F. Verwoerd , attended Participation the conference to give Giving formal notice that his country was to become Becoming a republic in May 1961 after having approved Ratification the constitutional change Change in an October 1960 referendum .

South Africa 's application was opposed Agree_or_refuse_to_act by the leaders of African states under black majority rule , as well as Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru , Malaya 's Tunku Abdul Rahman , and the other non-white Commonwealth countries as well as Canadian prime minister John Diefenbaker due to South Africa 's policy of apartheid .

The British , Australian , and New Zealand governments wished the conference to adopt Hold a broad common foreign policy statement however Canadian Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King and South African Prime Minister J .

The conference 's final report affirmed Judgment_communication the Canadian and South African position and thus was a step away from the concept of a centralised British Empire in favour of a more decentralised British Commonwealth without central authority , subsequently affirmed by the Balfour Declaration of 1926 and the Statute of Westminster 1931 .

Some of the tribes involved Cause_to_be_included in these clashes Hostile_encounter have been the Messiria , Maalia , Rizeigat and Bani Hussein Arabic tribes inhabiting Darfur and West Kordofan , and the Dinka , Nuer and Murle African ethnic groups inhabiting South Sudan .

These events Social_event were the longest-running military action in the history of African colonialism .

This had trapped the French army in Egypt on the African side of the Mediterranean , and all efforts to reinforce Cause_change_of_strength and resupply Supply them had ended Process_end in failure , including three separate expeditions Attack by Ganteaume 's squadron .

Operation Flax was a Western Allied air operation Military_operation executed during the Tunisia Campaign Military_operation , as part of the larger North African Campaign Military_operation of the Second World War Hostile_encounter .

There was a continuing campaign Military_operation by various European navies and the American navy to suppress Hold the piracy against Europeans by the North African Barbary states .

The unrest sparked Process_start a vigorous debate Quarreling in the United States about the relationship between law enforcement officers and African Americans , the militarization of police , and the use-of-force law in Missouri and nationwide .

In March 2015 , the DOJ announced Expressing_publicly that they had determined Deciding that the FPD had engaged Participation in misconduct Action against the citizenry of Ferguson by among other things discriminating Judgment_communication against African Americans and applying Using racial stereotypes , in a `` pattern or practice Practice of unlawful conduct Action . ''

Officer Pirone walked Self_motion up to two African American men and ripped Destroying the jacket off one .

Like many regional African conflicts during the late twentieth century , the Mozambican Civil War possessed Getting local dynamics but was also exacerbated Cause_change_of_strength greatly by the polarizing effects of Cold War politics .

For their part , the Rhodesian and South African defence establishments used Using RENAMO as a proxy to undermine FRELIMO support for militant nationalist organisations in their own countries .

The Mozambican Civil War ended Process_end in 1992 , following the collapse of Soviet and South African support for FRELIMO and RENAMO , respectively .

The Roman expeditionary force set Placing sail from Constantinople in late June 533 , and after a sea voyage along the coasts of Greece and southern Italy , landed Self_motion on the African coast at Caputvada in early September , to Gelimer 's complete Process_end surprise .

President Nkurunziza was at the time in neighbouring Tanzania attending Participation the 13th Extraordinary Summit of the East African Community Heads of State , which had been convened to discuss Communication the situation in Burundi .

About 400,000 African people have been displaced in total , and 153 were declared Expressing_publicly missing .

Due to the regulations of the African Union regarding the interruption Hindering of constitutional rule by a member state , Egypt was suspended Process_end from that union .

South African farmer Angus Buchan began Process_start the conference in 2004 , with reports Reporting of attendees varying Change from a few dozen to 240 .

Until the 1990s the festival attracted Influence mostly Flemish festivalgoers , but in recent years it has become Becoming more and more international with an especially large influx of Dutch , French , Walloon and British visitors , with notable Australian , South African and other contingents .

6 Springbok rugby shirt and cap , presented Presence the Webb Ellis Cup to South African captain François Pienaar .

The north African ports were rapidly cleared Emptying and readied GetReady to support Supporting the forthcoming invasions of southern Europe .

Henry Glover was an African American resident of New Orleans , Louisiana whose charred Bodily_harm body was found Know in a destroyed Chevrolet Malibu on September 2 , 2005 , parked Placing on a Mississippi River levee .

Muhammadu Maccido , the Sultan of Sokoto and spiritual leader of Nigeria 's Muslims , the sultan 's son , Senator Badamasi Maccido , Dr Nnennia Mgbor , the first ever female West African ENT surgeon , and Abdulrahman Shehu Shagari , son of former president Shehu Shagari , were on the passenger list .

The SADC and the African Union have been designated Request to supervise Scrutiny Madagascar 's political reinstatement .

According to historian Ibn Khaldun , when the Marinid dynasty took Conquering control over Salé from the Almohad Caliphate , Yacoub ben Abdellah le Mérinide rebelled Hostile_encounter against his uncle Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Abd Al-Haqq , and sought the assistance Assistance of King Alfonso X. Ruy López de Mendoza , Admiral of Castile formed Coming_to_be an armada to assist Assistance with Castilian crusades on the North African coast .

With the Great Migration Motion , thousands of African Americans from the American South had settled Statement next to neighborhoods of European immigrants on Chicago 's South Side , near jobs in the stockyards , meatpacking plants , and industry .

Overcrowding and increased Cause_change_of_position_on_a_scale African American resistance Defending against racism , especially by war Hostile_encounter veterans contributed Influence to the visible racial frictions Hostile_encounter .

In September 2009 , a UN special mission , headed by the South African Justice Richard Goldstone , produced Creating a report accusing both Palestinian militants and the IDF of war crimes and possible crimes against humanity , and recommended Convincing bringing those responsible to justice .

Phendula is the second studio album by South African singer Zahara .

Genres traditionally represented include Cause_to_be_included bluegrass , Cajun , zydeco , African , reggae , Americana , old-time music , Irish music , and jam band .

It was at this point that Arab military expeditions Motion_directional into North African regions west of Egypt were first launched , continuing for years and furthering Cause_change_of_position_on_a_scale the spread Dispersal of Islam .

Negotiations were mediated Resolve_problem by `` IGAD + '' ( which includes the eight regional nations called Name_conferral the Intergovernmental Authority on Development as well as the African Union , United Nations , China , the EU , USA , UK and Norway ) .

The shock Catastrophe occurred Coming_to_be along the East African Rift , an active continental rift zone in East Africa that is characterized by normal faulting , and initiated at a depth of .

The area houses tens of thousands of refugees displaced Causation by conflicts Hostile_encounter , such as the Second Congo War and the Burundian Civil War , that have plagued Dispersal the African Great Lakes in the 1990s and 2000s .

King and the SCLC shifted Change their focus to these issues after observing Know that gains Getting in civil rights had not improved Cause_to_make_progress the material conditions of life for many African Americans .

The Poor People 's Campaign was a multiracial effort—including African Americans , white Americans , Asian Americans , Hispanic Americans , and Native Americans—aimed at alleviating Cure poverty regardless of race .

Poor African Americans , particularly women , suffered Bodily_harm from racism and sexism that amplified Expansion the impact of poverty , especially after `` welfare mothers '' became Becoming a nationally recognized Know concept .

By 1968 , the War on Poverty seemed like a failure , neglected by a Johnson administration ( and Congress ) that wanted to focus Aiming on the Vietnam War and increasingly saw Self_motion anti-poverty programs as primarily helping Assistance African Americans .