The torpedo manufacturer challenged Confronting_problem this hypothesis , insisting Statement that its design would prevent Preventing_or_letting the kind of event described Statement .

A minor change Change had been ordered Request to install Placing a support plate for the handle linkage to make it Causation stronger ; manufacturer documents showed this work as completed Process_end on the aircraft involved Participation in Flight 981 , but the plate had not in fact been installed Placing .

The smoking gun was a memo from the fuselage 's manufacturer , Convair , to McDonnell Douglas , in which the series of events that occurred Coming_to_be on Flight 96 , and fatally on Flight 981 , was foreseen ; it concluded that if these events occurred Coming_to_be it would probably result in Causation the loss of the aircraft .

The first Warped Tour took place Process_start in 1995 , and the skateboard shoe manufacturer Vans became Becoming the main sponsor of the tour starting Process_start with the second tour in 1996 , when it became Becoming known as `` The Vans Warped Tour '' .

although the ntsb and pcu manufacturer parker hannifin had already determined Deciding that the pcu was properly working Employment , and thus not the cause of the crash , a private investigation into the crash for a civil lawsuit Legality tried by jury in a state court in los angeles , which was not allowed Preventing_or_letting to hear or consider the ntsb 's and parker hannifin 's conclusions Statement , decided Deciding that the crash was caused Causation by a defective servo valve inside the pcu , based on forensic findings from an electron microscope which determined Deciding that minute defects within the pcu had caused Causation the rudder unk and a subsequent uncontrollable flight and crash Catastrophe .

The manufacturer of the aircraft 's rudder controls Control and the families later reached Arriving an out-of-court settlement Resolve_problem .

The tour was additionally sponsored Supply by Spanish automobile manufacturer SEAT , with whom Shakira also collaborated Collaboration to support Supporting her Pies Descalzos Foundation .