The British began Process_start a desultory bombardment Attack on 31 August and the shelling Use_firearm became Becoming intense from 13 September , to `` soften Cause_change_of_strength '' the German defences , except in the area of the Fifth Army ( General Hubert Gough ) , where the slow bombardment Attack continued until before zero hour , when a surprise hurricane bombardment Attack was to be fired Use_firearm .

XVIII Corps ( Lieutenant-General Ivor Maxse ) of the Fifth Army was to advance onto the Gravenstafel Spur , an area held Defending by the German 36th Division since 8 September .

The 58th Division objective was ahead , among German strongpoints on Wurst Farm Ridge , at the west end of Gravenstafel Spur .

The 58th Division ascribed Coming_to_believe their success to excellent training Practice , a good creeping barrage and smoke shell , which had thickened Change the mist and blinded Perception_active the German defenders ; gas shell barrages Use_firearm on the German reinforcement routes had depressed Cause_change_of_position_on_a_scale German morale .

The 58th Division ascribed Coming_to_believe their success to excellent training Practice , a good creeping barrage and smoke shell , which had thickened Change the mist and blinded Perception_active the German defenders ; gas shell barrages Use_firearm on the German reinforcement routes had depressed Cause_change_of_position_on_a_scale German morale .

The 58th Division ascribed Coming_to_believe their success to excellent training Practice , a good creeping barrage and smoke shell , which had thickened Change the mist and blinded Perception_active the German defenders ; gas shell barrages Use_firearm on the German reinforcement routes had depressed Cause_change_of_position_on_a_scale German morale .

The successful conclusion Coming_to_believe of the war Hostile_encounter consolidated Cause_change_of_strength Wittelsbach authority in northwestern German territories and encouraged Influence a Catholic revival Recovering on the lower Rhine .

Importantly , it also set Placing a precedent for outside intervention in German religious and dynastic conflicts .

Finally , `` A '' Company of the Argylls , the Argyll scout platoon and one squadron of the SARs were moved Self_motion to a point north of the crossing Sending along the canal to provide Supply a diversion and to test Testing German defences in that area .

The French part of the offensive was intended to be strategically decisive by breaking Bodily_harm through the German defences on the Aisne front within with casualties expected to be around A preliminary attack was to be made by the French Third Army at St Quentin and the British First , Third and Fifth armies at Arras , to capture Conquering high ground and divert German reserves from the French fronts on the Aisne and in Champagne .

The French part of the offensive was intended to be strategically decisive by breaking Bodily_harm through the German defences on the Aisne front within with casualties expected to be around A preliminary attack was to be made by the French Third Army at St Quentin and the British First , Third and Fifth armies at Arras , to capture Conquering high ground and divert German reserves from the French fronts on the Aisne and in Champagne .

The final stage of the offensive was to follow the meeting of the British and French armies , having broken Bodily_harm through the German lines , then the pursuit of the defeated German armies towards the German frontier .

The final stage of the offensive was to follow the meeting of the British and French armies , having broken Bodily_harm through the German lines , then the pursuit of the defeated German armies towards the German frontier .

The final stage of the offensive was to follow the meeting of the British and French armies , having broken Bodily_harm through the German lines , then the pursuit of the defeated German armies towards the German frontier .

The Franco-British attacks were tactically successful ; the French Third Army of `` Groupe d'armées du Nord '' ( GAN , Northern Army Group ) captured Conquering the German defences west of the Hindenburg Line near St. Quentin from 1 to 4 April , before further attacks were repulsed Defending .

St Nazaire was targeted Aiming because the loss of its dry dock would force Request any large German warship in need of repairs , such as , sister ship of , to return Motion to home waters by running Self_motion the gauntlet of the Home Fleet of the Royal Navy and other British forces , via the English Channel or the GIUK gap .

German gunfire sank Self_motion , set ablaze Causation or immobilised virtually all the small craft intended to transport the commandos back to England .

German casualties included Cause_to_be_included over 360 dead , some of whom were killed Killing after the raid when `` Campbeltown '' exploded Use_firearm .

Fischer thought he had scored Hold a German third from a penalty corner , but it was disallowed as the ball flew Motion dangerously high off his stick : Dopp , too , nearly scored Hold another , but was denied Agree_or_refuse_to_act by a last-ditch deflection from England 's own captain , Richard Dodds .

Finally , in the very last minute , with England on the verge of going out Self_motion , they were awarded Award a penalty corner , from which Paul Barber scored Hold an equalizer - almost blocked Hindering by a German stick , but it deflected Motion into the roof of the net , forcing Causation extra time .

He had also named Name_conferral the operation `` Retribution '' in recognition of the losses that his destroyer forces had endured during the German occupations of Greece and Crete .

The Gas attacks Attack at Wulverghem ( 30 April and 17 June 1916 ) were German cloud gas releases during the First World War on British troops in the municipality of Heuvelland , near Ypres in the Belgian province of West Flanders .

The British Second Army held Defending the ground from Messines Ridge northwards to Steenstraat and the divisions opposite the German XXIII Reserve Corps had received Receiving warnings of a gas attack Attack .

From 21 to 23 April , British artillery-fire exploded Destroying several gas cylinders in the German lines around Spanbroekmolen , which released greenish-yellow clouds .

A gas alert Warning was given Giving on 25 April when the wind began Process_start to blow Attack from the north-east and routine work Being_in_operation was suspended Process_end ; on 29 April , two German soldiers deserted Escaping and warned Warning that an attack Attack was imminent .

Just after midnight on 30 April , the German attack Attack began Process_start and over no man 's land , a gas cloud drifted Motion on the wind into the British defences , then south-west towards Bailleul .

The German gas attack Attack at Wulverghem on 30 April , caused Causation the defenders casualties Bodily_harm and fatalities Death but German raiding Attack parties , looking for mine entrances Arriving to destroy Destroying , were repulsed Defending with small-arms and artillery fire .

The German gas attack Attack at Wulverghem on 30 April , caused Causation the defenders casualties Bodily_harm and fatalities Death but German raiding Attack parties , looking for mine entrances Arriving to destroy Destroying , were repulsed Defending with small-arms and artillery fire .

A second attempt by the Germans on 17 June caused Causation about the same number of gas casualties Bodily_harm but the British again easily repulsed Defending German patrols Patrolling .

On 1 July 1916 , the first day on the Somme , La Boisselle was attacked Attack by the 34th Division as part of the III Corps but the bombardment Attack had not damaged Damaging the German deep-mined dug-outs ( ) and a German listening Perception_active post overheard a British telephone conversation Communication the day before , which gave Giving away the attack .

On 1 July 1916 , the first day on the Somme , La Boisselle was attacked Attack by the 34th Division as part of the III Corps but the bombardment Attack had not damaged Damaging the German deep-mined dug-outs ( ) and a German listening Perception_active post overheard a British telephone conversation Communication the day before , which gave Giving away the attack .

The 19th ( Western ) Division was rushed Self_motion forward from reserve Preserving , in case of a German counter-attack Attack on Albert .

The Bombardment of Papeete occurred Presence in French Polynesia when German warships attacked Attack on 22 September 1914 , during World War I .

The German armoured cruisers and entered Arriving the port of Papeete on the island of Tahiti and sank Removing the French gunboat and freighter `` Walküre '' before bombarding Attack the town 's fortifications .

French shore batteries and a gunboat resisted Defending the German intrusion but were greatly outgunned .

The main German objective was to seize Conquering the coal piles stored Preserving on the island , but these were destroyed Destroying by the French at the start Process_start of the action .

The German vessels were largely undamaged Damaging but the French lost Earnings_and_losses their gunboat .

The main strategic consequence of the engagement was the disclosure Reveal_secret of the cruisers ' positions Employment to the British Admiralty , which led to Causation the Battle Hostile_encounter of Coronel where the entire German East Asia Squadron defeated Conquering a Royal Navy squadron .

The Hindenburg Line ( or Siegfried Position ) was a German defensive Defending position built during the winter of 1916–1917 on the Western Front during the First World War .

The declaration of war Hostile_encounter by Romania had placed Placing additional strain on the German army and war Hostile_encounter economy .

A shorter Western Front could be held Defending with fewer troops and by incorporating Cause_to_amalgamate the lessons of defensive Defending battle on the Somme , the importance of troop dispersal Dispersal , reverse-slope positions , defence Defending in depth and camouflage , German infantry casualties Catastrophe could be reduced Cause_change_of_position_on_a_scale .

While the German army recuperated Cure from the losses Earnings_and_losses of 1916 , protected Defending by the Hindenburg Line and similar defensive positions Placing on the rest of the Western Front , a return to unrestricted submarine warfare Hostile_encounter and a strategic bombing Attack offensive against Britain was planned Arranging .

The number of German divisions on the Western Front had increased Cause_change_of_position_on_a_scale to 25 January 1917 , reducing Cause_change_of_position_on_a_scale the German manpower shortage but not by enough to contemplate an offensive .

The number of German divisions on the Western Front had increased Cause_change_of_position_on_a_scale to 25 January 1917 , reducing Cause_change_of_position_on_a_scale the German manpower shortage but not by enough to contemplate an offensive .

Greater output of explosives , ammunition and weapons by German industry to provide Supply the means to counter the Allied ( battle of equipment ) was attempted in the Hindenburg Programme of August 1916 .

News of the demolitions Destroying and the deplorable condition of French civilians left GiveUp behind by the Germans were serious blows Confronting_problem to German prestige in neutral countries .

The 6th Airborne Division advance Arriving to the River Seine occurred Process_start in August 1944 , in the later stages of the Battle Hostile_encounter of Normandy , following the German Army 's defeat Hostile_encounter in the Falaise Pocket , during the Second World War Hostile_encounter .

The 6th Airborne Division began Process_start their advance on 17 August , after the German Army had started Process_start to withdraw Escaping .

The Battle Hostile_encounter of the Ancre was fought Hostile_encounter by the Fifth Army ( Lieutenant-General Hubert Gough ) , against the German 1st Army ( General Fritz von Below ) .

Beaumont Hamel , St Pierre Divion and Beaucourt were captured Conquering , which threatened Warning the German hold on Serre further north .