Non-Arabs were treated as second-class citizens regardless of whether or not they converted Becoming to Islam , and this discontent cutting Bodily_harm across faiths and ethnicities ultimately led to Causation the Umayyads ' overthrow .

After the ascension of Matthias as Holy Roman Emperor , his new chancellor , Melchior Klesl , hoped to dissolve Destroying the religious alliances of the time — the Protestant Union and the Catholic League — and bring Bringing people of all faiths back under the authority of the Emperor .