The Umayyads under the governor of Khurasan , Asad ibn Abdallah al-Qasri , had invaded Attack the principality of Khuttal in Transoxiana , and the local ruler Control called Request upon the Türgesh for aid Assistance .

Husayn ibn Ali was invited Request by the pro-Alids of Kufa to overthrow Change_of_leadership the Umayyads but was killed Killing with his small company en route to Kufa at the Battle of Karbala in October 680 .

A series of pro-Alid movements demanding revenge for Husayn 's death emerged Coming_to_be in Kufa beginning with Sulayman 's Penitents movement , which was crushed by the Umayyads at the Battle of Ayn al-Warda in January 685 .

Under the leadership of Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan , the Umayyads reasserted Recovering control over the caliphate after defeating the Zubayrids at the Battle of Maskin in Iraq and killing Ibn al-Zubayr in the Siege of Mecca in 692 .

Coming to power three decades after the death of the Muslim prophet Muhammad and immediately after the Rashidun Caliphate , the Umayyads were a feudal Arab empire ruling Control over a population which was overwhelmingly non-Arab as well as primarily non-Muslim .

Non-Arabs were treated as second-class citizens regardless of whether or not they converted Becoming to Islam , and this discontent cutting Bodily_harm across faiths and ethnicities ultimately led to Causation the Umayyads ' overthrow .