The Great Roman Civil War ( 49–45 BC ) , also known as Caesar 's Civil War , was one of the last politico-military conflicts Violence in the Roman Republic before the establishment of the Roman Empire .

The war was a four-year-long politico-military struggle Hostile_encounter , fought Hostile_encounter in Italy , Illyria , Greece , Egypt , Africa , and Hispania .

In the late 1550s , the ruler of one of the Kabardás , Temryuk ( or Temriuk ) , struck Attack a politico-military alliance with Tsar Ivan IV of Russia ( `` Ivan the Terrible '' ) , for mutual assistance against expansionist attacks Attack by the Persian and Ottoman Empires .

They also sought admission into the Protestant Union , a coalition of German Protestant states formed Coming_to_be to give a politico-military unity to the divided German Protestants .