The Fourth Fitna or Great Abbasid Civil War Military_operation resulted Causation from the conflict Hostile_encounter between the brothers al-Amin and al-Ma'mun over the succession Change_of_leadership to the throne of the Abbasid Caliphate .

The Second Fitna or the Second Islamic Civil War was a period of general political and military disorder and conflicts in the Islamic community during the early Umayyad caliphate .

The roots of the civil war go back to the First Fitna .

The events of the Second Fitna intensified Cause_change_of_strength sectarian tendencies in Islam and various doctrines were developed Coming_to_be within what would later become the Sunni and Shi ' a sects of Islam .