In the summer of 2014 , the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant ( ISIL ) launched a military offensive in northern Iraq and declared Expressing_publicly a worldwide Islamic caliphate , eliciting Causation another military response from the United States and its allies .

On 3 March 1924 , the Ottoman caliphate was officially abolished and the last Caliph was exiled .

The Second Fitna or the Second Islamic Civil War was a period of general political and military disorder and conflicts in the Islamic community during the early Umayyad caliphate .

Following the assassination of Ali in 661 and the abdication of his successor Hasan the same year , Mu'awiya became Becoming the sole ruler of the caliphate .

After Yazid died Death in November , the siege was abandoned GiveUp and Umayyad authority collapsed Destroying throughout the caliphate except in certain parts of Syria ; most provinces recognized Ibn al-Zubayr as caliph .

Under the leadership of Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan , the Umayyads reasserted Recovering control over the caliphate after defeating the Zubayrids at the Battle of Maskin in Iraq and killing Ibn al-Zubayr in the Siege of Mecca in 692 .

Abd al-Malik made key reforms Reforming_a_system in the administrative structure of the caliphate , including increasing caliphal power , restructuring Reforming_a_system the army and Arabizing and Islamizing the bureaucracy .

The defeat coincided with ISIL 's declaration Expressing_publicly of a worldwide caliphate on 29 June .