The Fourth Fitna or Great Abbasid Civil War Military_operation resulted Causation from the conflict Hostile_encounter between the brothers al-Amin and al-Ma'mun over the succession Change_of_leadership to the throne of the Abbasid Caliphate .

This allowed Preventing_or_letting the power vacuum which the civil war Military_operation had fostered Creating in the Caliphate 's provinces to grow Expansion , and several local rulers sprang up in Jazira , Syria and Egypt .

The Battle Hostile_encounter of Anzen or Dazimon was fought Hostile_encounter on 22 July 838 at Anzen or Dazimon ( now Dazmana ( Akçatarla ) , Turkey ) between the Byzantine Empire and the forces of the Abbasid Caliphate .

The other remnant al-Andalus states ( the `` taifas '' ) of the once powerful Caliphate of Córdoba had long been conquered Conquering by the Christians .

The Sack of Amorium by the Abbasid Caliphate in mid-August 838 was one of the major events Social_event in the long history of the Arab–Byzantine Wars .

The Abbasid campaign was led Causation personally by the Caliph al-Mu'tasim ( reigned 833–842 ) , in retaliation Revenge to a virtually unopposed expedition launched Motion by the Byzantine emperor Theophilos ( r. 829–842 ) into the Caliphate 's borderlands the previous year .

The Battle Hostile_encounter of Tawahin ( , `` Battle Hostile_encounter of the Mills '' ) was fought Hostile_encounter in 885 between the forces of the Abbasid Caliphate under Abu ' l-Abbas ibn al-Muwaffaq ( the future Caliph al-Mu'tadid ) and the autonomous Tulunid ruler of Egypt and Syria , Khumarawayh .

According to historian Ibn Khaldun , when the Marinid dynasty took Conquering control over Salé from the Almohad Caliphate , Yacoub ben Abdellah le Mérinide rebelled Hostile_encounter against his uncle Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Abd Al-Haqq , and sought the assistance Assistance of King Alfonso X. Ruy López de Mendoza , Admiral of Castile formed Coming_to_be an armada to assist Assistance with Castilian crusades on the North African coast .

The Battle Hostile_encounter of the Baggage ( ) was fought Hostile_encounter between the forces Military_operation of the Umayyad Caliphate and the Turkic Türgesh tribes in September/October 737 .

In a series of three stages , the conquest Conquering of the Maghreb commenced Process_start in 647 and concluded Process_end in 709 with the `` Byzantine '' Roman Empire losing Earnings_and_losses its last remaining Presence strongholds to the then-Umayyad Caliphate .

The emergence Coming_to_be of Muslim Arabs from Arabia in the 630s resulted in Causation the rapid loss Earnings_and_losses of Byzantium 's southern provinces ( Syria and Egypt ) to the Arab Caliphate .

The Abbasid invasion Attack of Asia Minor in 782 was one of the largest operations Military_operation launched Process_start by the Abbasid Caliphate against the Byzantine Empire .

The war began Process_start as part of a succession crisis in the Fatimid Caliphate , which began Process_start to crumble under the pressure of Syria and the Crusader states .

The `` Day of Thirst '' ( , `` Yawm al-aṭash '' ) is the name Name_conferral traditionally given in Name_conferral Arabic historiography to a battle fought Hostile_encounter in 724 between the Turkic Türgesh khaganate and the Umayyad Caliphate on the banks of the river Jaxartes , in Transoxiana ( in modern Tajikistan , Central Asia ) .

The Tang Dynasty achieved Achieve its maximum extent as China 's western borders reached Arriving the eastern frontier of the Arabic Umayyad Caliphate .

The Abbasid Revolution was the overthrow of the Umayyad Caliphate ( 661–750 CE ) , the second of the four major Caliphates in early Islamic history , by the third , the Abbasid Caliphate ( 750–1258 CE ) .

The Abbasid Revolution was the overthrow of the Umayyad Caliphate ( 661–750 CE ) , the second of the four major Caliphates in early Islamic history , by the third , the Abbasid Caliphate ( 750–1258 CE ) .

Coming to power three decades after the death of the Muslim prophet Muhammad and immediately after the Rashidun Caliphate , the Umayyads were a feudal Arab empire ruling Control over a population which was overwhelmingly non-Arab as well as primarily non-Muslim .

The war resulted in Causation the creation of the Sokoto Caliphate , headed by Usman dan Fodio , which became Becoming one of the largest states in Africa in the 19th century .

The Siege of Kamarja was fought Hostile_encounter in 729 between the Arab Muslims of the Umayyad Caliphate and the Türgesh khaganate , along with its Soghdian allies .

Riding from the steppes of Central Asia , the Seljuq replicated tactics practiced Practice by the Huns hundreds of years earlier against a similar Roman opponent but now combining Cause_to_amalgamate it with new-found Islamic zeal ; in many ways Action , the Seljuq resumed Process_start the conquests Conquering of the Muslims in the Byzantine–Arab Wars initiated Process_start by the Rashidun , Umayyad and Abassid Caliphate in the Levant , North Africa and Asia Minor .

During the course of the war , the Seljuq Turks and their allies attacked Attack the Fatimid Caliphate of Egypt , capturing Conquering Jerusalem and catalyzing Process_start the call for the First Crusade .

The 1921 riot began Process_start as a reaction against a heavy-handed crackdown Process_end on the Khilafat Movement , a campaign Social_event in defense of the Ottoman Caliphate , by the British authorities in the Eranad and Valluvanad `` taluks '' of Malabar .

A Khazar army led Conquering by Barjik , the son of the Khazar khagan , invaded Attack the Umayyad provinces of Jibal and Adharybaydjian in retaliation for Caliphate attacks Attack on Khazaria during the course of the decades-long Khazar-Arab War of the early 8th century .