The Birmingham campaign , or Birmingham movement , was a movement Social_event organized Arranging in early 1963 by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference ( SCLC ) to bring Bringing attention to the integration efforts of African Americans in Birmingham , Alabama .

When local business and governmental leaders resisted Defending the boycott , SCLC agreed Agree_or_refuse_to_act to assist Assistance .

When the campaign Social_event ran low on adult volunteers , James Bevel , SCLC 's Director of Direct Action , thought of the idea of having students become Becoming the main demonstrators in the Birmingham campaign .

Not all of the bystanders were peaceful , despite the avowed Statement intentions of SCLC to hold Defending a completely nonviolent walk , but the students held Defending to the nonviolent premise .

Martin Luther King Jr. and the SCLC drew Motion both criticism and praise Judgment_communication for allowing Preventing_or_letting children to participate Participation and put Motion themselves in harm 's way .

It was organized Arranging by Martin Luther King , Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference ( SCLC ) , and carried out Military_operation under the leadership of Ralph Abernathy in the wake of King 's assassination .

King and the SCLC shifted Change their focus to these issues after observing Know that gains Getting in civil rights had not improved Cause_to_make_progress the material conditions of life for many African Americans .