On 8 September , while the French were removing Removing supplies from a captured British merchant ship east of Banda Aceh , two large sails were spotted Know .

In response Response France authorized Preventing_or_letting privateers to conduct Action attacks Attack on American shipping , seizing Self_motion numerous merchant ships , and ultimately leading Causation the U.S. to retaliate Revenge .

The early months of the war , which had begun Process_start in February , had seen Perception_active a number of French frigates raiding Attack British merchant shipping in the Channel , and HMS `` Crescent '' under Captain James Saumarez was deployed Arranging to watch Perception_active the port of Cherbourg with the aim Aiming of disrupting Hindering the operations Military_operation of the French frigates `` Réunion '' and `` Sémillante '' that were based in the harbour .

To man the blockade , Britain pressed Motion American merchant sailors into the Royal Navy .

Coastal batteries opened Openness fire , joined Cause_to_amalgamate by Spanish warships anchored at harbour , and drove Motion the attackers Attack back , causing Causation the British to lose grip over the blockade and allowing Preventing_or_letting several merchant convoys to slip in and out of the port .

A French frigate force that had been raiding Attack British commerce off West Africa approached Self_motion and attempted to attack Attack a convoy of valuable East Indiamen , large and heavily armed merchant vessels sailing Motion from Britain to British India and China , two ships sailing Motion for Botany Bay , and a whaler sailing Motion for the South Seas ' whale fishery .

The action is the only occasion during the war Military_operation in which a British merchant vessel captured Conquering a large French warship .

`` Forte '' was an exceptionally large and powerful ship engaged Hostile_encounter on a commerce raiding operation Military_operation against British merchant shipping Sending off the port of Calcutta in British India .

The French frigate was discovered Know at anchor in the sandbanks at the mouth of the Hooghly with two recently captured Conquering British merchant ships .

The captured merchant ships subsequently escaped Escaping under their French prize crews while Cooke 's executive officer Lieutenant Lucius Hardyman repaired Recovering `` Sybille `` and `` Forte '' .

The action was the culmination of a campaign that had criss-crossed Motion_directional the Bay of Biscay over the previous month in which both sides had captured Conquering numerous merchant ships and minor warships and had engaged Participation in two partial , but inconclusive , fleet actions .

During the previous month , `` Cléopâtre '' and another frigate , `` Sémillante '' , had been successfully raiding Attack British merchant shipping in the English Channel and Eastern Atlantic from their base at Cherbourg .

Thus the presence of a powerful Spanish squadron at Manila posed a threat Warning to the China Fleet , an annual convoy of East Indiaman merchant ships from Macau in Qing Dynasty China to Britain , which was of vital economic importance to Britain .

To ensure Preventing_or_letting the safety of the merchant ships gathering Come_together at Macau in the winter of 1797–98 , the British commander in the East Indies , Rear-Admiral Peter Rainier , sent Sending a convoy to China escorted Patrolling by the frigates HMS `` Sybille '' and HMS `` Fox '' and commanded Control by Captain Edward Cooke .

As a result Causation , this was the last successful attack Attack on a British merchant convoy Patrolling in the Indian Ocean during the Napoleonic Wars Hostile_encounter .

With the planned Arranging invasion impossible , Allemand began Process_start commerce raiding Attack in the Eastern Atlantic , capturing Conquering 43 merchant ships during his cruise and successfully disrupting Hindering the British blockade Besieging of Cadiz .

This campaign Military_operation was highly destructive Destroying , and resulted in Causation the loss Earnings_and_losses of nearly half of Britain 's merchant marine fleet during the course of the war Military_operation .

The decision to attack Attack `` Z33 '' and her escorts , rather than a nearby group of merchant ships , followed Motion instructions Education_teaching from the British Admiralty to RAF Coastal Command .

The losses Earnings_and_losses led to Causation merchant ships Sending being made Manufacturing the priority over destroyers and small warships .

The French commander , Commodore Jacques Hamelin , raided Attack across the Bay of Bengal with his squadron and achieved Achieve local superiority , capturing Conquering numerous merchant ships Sending and minor warships .

Despite spirited resistance from the largest British merchant ship , `` Windham '' , the failure of the other Indiamen to support Supporting their leader and the size and power of the French ships forced Control the British to withdraw Escaping : all the HEIC ships were subsequently captured Conquering by the larger , faster French warships .

The incident took place Process_start in the context of the East Indies campaign of the French Revolutionary Wars , the allied squadron attempting to disrupt a valuable British merchant convoy due Causation to sail from Qing Dynasty China .

French privateers operating Control from the Indian Ocean islands of Île Bonaparte and Île de France were a serious threat to British trade across the Indian Ocean during the Wars Hostile_encounter , and the British deployed Arranging numerous methods of intercepting them , including disguising warships as merchant vessels to lure Hold privateers into unequal engagements Hostile_encounter with more powerful warships .

The cause of the U.S. participation was pirates from the Barbary States seizing Committing_crime American merchant ships and holding Hold the crews for ransom , demanding Request the U.S. pay Commerce_pay tribute to the Barbary rulers .

The Barbary pirates demanded Request tribute from American merchant vessels in the Mediterranean Sea .

They remained Temporary_stay at sea for roughly 15 days before being rescued Rescuing by a Greek merchant ship .

In July 1940 , the `` Luftwaffe '' started Process_start by closing Process_end the English Channel to merchant shipping .

The reason for the presence of the American land and naval force in Korea was to support Supporting an American diplomatic delegation sent Sending to establish Building trade and political relations with the peninsular nation , to ascertain Check the fate of the merchant ship `` General Sherman '' , and to establish Building a treaty assuring aid for shipwrecked sailors .

Immediately following the raid Military_operation , the five Japanese fleet submarines that carried Carry_goods the midget submarines to Australia embarked Process_start on a campaign Military_operation to disrupt Hindering merchant shipping in eastern Australian waters .

over the next month , the submarines attacked Attack at least seven merchant vessels , sinking Motion_directional three ships and killing Killing 50 sailors .

The main impact Influence was psychological ; creating Creating popular fear of an impending Japanese invasion Military_operation and forcing Request the Australian military to upgrade Cause_to_make_progress defences , including the commencement of convoy operations Military_operation to protect Defending merchant shipping .

The British force—consisting of the frigate and brig-sloop under the command Control of Captain Edward Elphinstone—was initially wary of the Dutch , mistaking the Dutch East Indiaman merchant ship `` Victoria '' for a ship of the line .

Closer observation Perception_active revealed Reveal_secret the identity of the Dutch vessels the following day and Elphinstone led his frigate against the leading Dutch warship `` Pallas while `` Harrier '' engaged Hostile_encounter the merchant vessels and forced Request them to surrender Surrendering .

Many troops were able to embark Self_motion from the harbour 's protective Preventing_or_letting mole onto thirty-nine British Royal Navy destroyers , four Royal Canadian Navy destroyers , at least three French destroyers , and a variety of civilian merchant ships Sending , while others had to wade Self_motion out from the beaches , waiting for hours in shoulder-deep water .

Some were ferried Sending to the larger ships Sending by what came to be known as the Little Ships of Dunkirk , a flotilla of hundreds of merchant marine boats , fishing boats , pleasure Change_sentiment craft , yachts , and lifeboats called Request into service Supply from Britain .

the canadian merchant navy completed Process_end over 25,000 voyages across the atlantic , 130,000 allied pilots were trained Education_teaching in canada in the british commonwealth air training plan .

One British sailor was killed Killing and of and Indian Merchant Navy prisoners , captured Conquering from over thirty merchant vessels on `` Pinguin '' , killed Killing in the explosion Attack .

Seeking to eliminate any threat to valuable British merchant convoys passing through the Malacca Straits , Rear-Admiral Sir Edward Pellew determined Deciding in early 1806 that the Dutch naval forces based at Java , which included several ships of the line and three frigates , had to be defeated to ensure British dominance in the region .

The victory gave Giving Britain dominance over its European rivals in the eastern Pacific and western Indian Ocean , allowing free passage of British trade through the region and allowing British forces to focus on the one remaining threat to their merchant convoys in the Indian Ocean : the French islands of Île Bonaparte and Isle de France ( now Mauritius ) .

Strategically , `` Husky '' achieved Achieve the goals set out Military_operation for it by Allied planners ; the Allies drove Motion Axis air , land and naval forces Motion from the island and the Mediterranean sea lanes were opened Openness for Allied merchant ships for the first time since 1941 .

Following the outbreak of the war , British authorities enlisted Becoming_a_member Loyalist merchant Ichabod Jones to supply Supply the troops who were under the Siege of Boston .

Two of his merchant ships arrived in Arriving Machias on June 2 , 1775 , accompanied by the British armed sloop HMS `` Margaretta '' ( sometimes also spelled `` Margueritta '' or `` Marguerite '' ) , commanded Control by Midshipman James Moore .

Pakistani warships attempted to outsmart the Indian Navy by mingling with merchant shipping .

The squadron was additionally reinforced Cause_change_of_strength by a few hastily armed merchant ships ( probably five ) purchased Commerce_buy from the English and Dutch , and a couple of boats and bateaux .

However , after she boarded Temporary_stay some British merchant ships , British authorities sent Sending Rear Admiral de Horsey to capture Conquering the vessel .

the battle Hostile_encounter of the atlantic pitted Hostile_encounter u-boats and other warships of the `` kriegsmarine '' ( navy ) and aircraft of the `` luftwaffe '' ( air force ) against the royal canadian navy , royal navy , united states navy , and allied Collaboration merchant shipping Sending .

In essence , the Battle Hostile_encounter of the Atlantic was a tonnage war Hostile_encounter : the Allied struggle Resolve_problem to supply Supply Britain and the Axis attempt to stem Preventing_or_letting the flow of merchant shipping Sending that enabled Preventing_or_letting Britain to keep Temporary_stay fighting Hostile_encounter .

The outcome of the battle Hostile_encounter was a strategic victory Earnings_and_losses for the Allies—the German blockade failed—but at great cost Cost : 3,500 merchant ships and 175 warships were sunk Earnings_and_losses in the Atlantic for the loss Earnings_and_losses of 783 U-boats ( the majority being Type VII submarines ) and 47 German surface warships , including 4 battleships ( `` Scharnhorst '' , `` Bismarck '' , `` Gneisenau '' , and `` Tirpitz '' ) , 9 cruisers , 7 raiders , and 27 destroyers .

Linois raided Attack British shipping lanes and harbours across the region , achieving Achieve limited success against undefended merchant ships but repeatedly withdrawing Escaping in the face of determined opposition , most notably at the Battle Hostile_encounter of Pulo Aura in February 1804 .

Linois had twice failed Agree_or_refuse_to_act to capture Conquering , or even seriously engage Hostile_encounter , large and valuable British merchant convoys on his cruise .