But while conceding Agree_or_refuse_to_act with Pestel that the American revolutionary Change_of_leadership model of the federal government could be the best form for Russia , the Polish patriotic society could not agree Agree_or_refuse_to_act not only with partaking Participation with this federation establishment Creating , but with the same form of government for unitarian Poland and requested Request for Lithuania , Belarus and Ukraine without any Russian involvement Participation into the affairs of these territories and any Polish federalization Institutionalization .

But while conceding Agree_or_refuse_to_act with Pestel that the American revolutionary Change_of_leadership model of the federal government could be the best form for Russia , the Polish patriotic society could not agree Agree_or_refuse_to_act not only with partaking Participation with this federation establishment Creating , but with the same form of government for unitarian Poland and requested Request for Lithuania , Belarus and Ukraine without any Russian involvement Participation into the affairs of these territories and any Polish federalization Institutionalization .

Historians estimate Statement that up to half of Hungary 's then population of 2,000,000 were victims Death of the Mongol invasion Ottokar 's troops consisted of Bohemian-Moravian , German , Polish , Carinthian , Carniolan and Styrian forces , while Bela 's huge army gathered Come_together Hungarian , Slovak , Cuman , Russian , Polish , Bulgarian , Wallachian , Ukrainian ( Galician ) , Slavonian , Croatian , Bosnian , Serbian , Pecheneg and Szekler contingents .

Historians estimate Statement that up to half of Hungary 's then population of 2,000,000 were victims Death of the Mongol invasion Ottokar 's troops consisted of Bohemian-Moravian , German , Polish , Carinthian , Carniolan and Styrian forces , while Bela 's huge army gathered Come_together Hungarian , Slovak , Cuman , Russian , Polish , Bulgarian , Wallachian , Ukrainian ( Galician ) , Slavonian , Croatian , Bosnian , Serbian , Pecheneg and Szekler contingents .

The pretext for the attacks Attack was the assassination Killing of the Nazi German diplomat Ernst vom Rath by Herschel Grynszpan , a 17-year-old German-born Polish Jew living in Paris .

As the Wehrmacht advanced Cause_to_make_progress , Polish forces withdrew Escaping from their forward bases of operation close to the Polish–German border to more established Building defense lines to the east .

After the mid-September Polish defeat Conquering in the Battle of the Bzura , the Germans gained Getting an undisputed advantage .

Polish forces then withdrew Escaping to the southeast where they prepared GetReady for a long defence Defending of the Romanian Bridgehead and awaited expected support Supporting and relief Assistance from France and the United Kingdom .

On 17 September , the Soviet Red Army invaded Attack Eastern Poland , the territory beyond the so-called Curzon Line that fell into the Soviet `` sphere of influence '' according to the secret protocol of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact ; this rendered Supply the Polish plan of defence Defending obsolete .

Facing a second front , the Polish government concluded the defence Defending of the Romanian Bridgehead was no longer feasible and ordered Arranging an emergency evacuation of all troops to neutral Romania .

On 6 October , following the Polish defeat Conquering at the Battle of Kock , German and Soviet forces gained Getting full control Control over Poland .

The success of the invasion marked Recording the end Process_end of the Second Polish Republic , though Poland never formally surrendered Surrendering .

In the aftermath of the invasion Attack , a collective of underground resistance Defending organizations formed Coming_to_be the Polish Underground State within the territory of the former Polish state .

In the aftermath of the invasion Attack , a collective of underground resistance Defending organizations formed Coming_to_be the Polish Underground State within the territory of the former Polish state .

In a wider sense it applies to the period between the Khmelnytsky Uprising Change_of_leadership of 1648 and the Truce Process_end of Andrusovo in 1667 , thus comprising Cause_to_be_included the Polish theatres of the Russo-Polish and Second Northern Wars Hostile_encounter .

The term deluge Catastrophe ( or `` potop '' in Polish ) was popularized by Henryk Sienkiewicz in his novel `` The Deluge '' ( 1886 ) .

According to the 2012 Polish estimates , financial losses Earnings_and_losses of Poland are estimated at 4 billion złotys .

The Siege of Philippsburg was conducted Action by French forces against forces in the fortress of Philippsburg in the Rhine River valley during the War of the Polish Succession .

Crimes against the Polish nation committed Commitment by Nazi Germany and Axis collaborationist forces during the invasion Attack of Poland , along with auxiliary battalions during the subsequent occupation Control of Poland in World War II , consisted of the murder Killing of millions of ethnic Poles and the systematic extermination of Jewish Poles .

By 1942 , the Nazi Germans were implementing their plan Arranging to kill Killing every Jew in German-occupied Europe , and had also developed Creating plans Arranging to eliminate Cause_change_of_position_on_a_scale the Polish people through mass murder Killing , ethnic cleansing , enslavement and extermination through labor , and assimilation into German identity of a small minority of Poles deemed Coming_to_believe racially valuable .

The genocides Killing claimed Statement the lives of 2.7 to 3 million Polish Jews and 1.8 to 2.77 million non-Jewish ethnic Poles , according to various sources such as Poland 's Institute of National Remembrance .

The genocidal policies of the German government 's colonization plan Arranging , `` Generalplan Ost '' , were the blueprint for German war Hostile_encounter crimes Committing_crime and crimes Committing_crime against humanity committed Commitment against the Polish nation from 1939 to 1945 .

In 2000 , by an act of the Polish Parliament , dissemination of knowledge on World War II Nazi German and Stalinist Soviet crimes Committing_crime in Poland was entrusted to the Institute of National Remembrance , which had been established Building in Warsaw in 1998 .

On 22 August 1939 , just before the invasion Attack of Poland , Hitler gave Giving explicit permission to his commanders to kill Killing `` without pity or mercy , all men , women , and children of Polish descent or language . ''

Ethnic cleansing was to be conducted Action systematically against the Polish people .

On 7 September 1939 , Reinhard Heydrich stated Statement that all Polish nobles , clergy , and Jews were to be killed Killing .

On 15 March 1940 , SS chief Heinrich Himmler stated Statement : `` All Polish specialists will be exploited in our military-industrial complex Cause_to_amalgamate .

It is imperative that the great German nation consider Deciding the elimination Removing of all Polish people as its chief task . ''

However , the Polish archers fire Use_firearm flight after flight of arrows at the withdrawing Escaping Knights which wound many of them and allow Preventing_or_letting the Poles to get in among them and kill Killing many more .

Suddenly , a Polish knight , Jan Naszan , knocks Attack the enemy 's standard-bearer from his horse , seizes Hold the standard , rolls Motion it up and fastens it to his saddle .

About 130,000 arrived Arriving from the U.S. alone , with about 45,000 British soldiers , 2,000 Australian soldiers , and 194 Polish soldiers .

Taking Gold was to be the responsibility of the British Army , with sea transport Military_operation , mine sweeping Scouring , and a naval bombardment force Military_operation provided Supply by the Royal Navy as well as elements from the Dutch , Polish and other Allied navies .

The Grand Duchy of Lithuania became Becoming a Swedish fief , the Polish–Lithuanian regular armies surrendered Surrendering and the Polish king John II Casimir Vasa fled Escaping to the Habsburgs .

Brandenburg left Departing the alliance with Sweden when granted Giving full sovereignty in the Duchy of Prussia by the Polish king in the treaties of Wehlau and Bromberg .

The anti-Swedish allies meanwhile neutralized the Transylvanian army and Polish forces ravaged Destroying Swedish Pomerania .

The Battle Hostile_encounter of Koziatyn ( also known as the Raid Attack on Koziatyn and Koziatyn Envelopment Besieging ) of 25–27 April 1920 was one of the most spectacular raids Attack of the Polish cavalry during the Polish-Soviet War Military_operation .

In the effect of a pincer maneuver Military_operation some 160 kilometres behind the front line , the Polish Army was able to seize Conquering the strategically important town of Korosten .

The town , a major railway hub and a Red Army supply depot , was captured Conquering with negligible Polish losses Earnings_and_losses .

This allowed Preventing_or_letting the Polish forces to capture Conquering Kiev soon afterwards .

The Battle Hostile_encounter of Lubrze was a night battle Hostile_encounter which took place Process_start during the Deluge ( part of the Second Northern War Military_operation ) in August 1656 between Polish forces under voivode of Kalisz Andrzej Karol Grudziński and a Swedish-Brandenburg force under Jan Wejhard von Wrzesowicz .

Swedish-Brandenburg forces were coming Motion to provide Supply relief Assistance to the besieged Besieging town of Kalisz , invested Expend_resource by Polish army under voivode of Malbork Jakub Wejher , brother of Ludwik Weyher .

A small Polish force ( between 200 and 500 men ) surprised Change_sentiment a weakly guarded Bearing_arms Swedish-Brandenburg cavalry camp at Lubrze in Greater Poland , near Śrem and Środa Wielkopolska , and 47 km south-east of the voivodeship capital of Poznań .

According to Pierre des Noyers , who was a secretary to Her Majesty Polish Queen Marie Louise Gonzaga , in his letter dated September 17 , 1656 , Andrzej Karol Grudziński , commanding Control a host of 300 noblemen , was told Telling by the local peasants about small Swedish command of 200 men in the village of Lubrze .

Throughout the night fighting Hostile_encounter Polish soldiers decimated Destroying the Swedish-Brandenburg division ( source vary from 800 to 2000 strong ) , both in the village and on the banks of a small stream where defenders took Conquering flight , killing Killing between 500 and 800 officers and men ( entire command of 800 officers and men according to des Noyers ) , taking Conquering many prisoners Prison including a Prussian colonel and his trumpeter , while the Swedish commander , Jan Wejhard von Wrzesowicz , was killed Killing by the peasants while in flight Self_motion from the battlefield .

According to Wawrzyniec Jan Rudawski , Polish period chronicler , the battle Hostile_encounter took place Process_start on the night of August 28 , 1656 .

This Polish victory Earnings_and_losses caused Causation serious disruption Damaging for the Swedish hold Hold on Central Poland .

Devoid of any hope of the relief forces Causation the besieged Swedish garrison of Kalisz surrendered Surrendering to the Polish army on November 8 , 1656 .

The top secret lists identified Check more than 61,000 members of the Polish elite : activists , intelligentsia , scholars , clergy , actors , former officers and others , who were to be interned Arrest or shot Use_firearm .

Operation `` Sharp Gate '' , English : Operation `` Gate of Dawn '' ) was an armed Bearing_arms conflict Hostile_encounter during World War II between the Polish Home Army and the Nazi German occupiers of Vilnius ( ) .

It began Process_start on 7 July 1944 , as part of a Polish national uprising , Operation Tempest , and lasted until 14 July 1944 .