Kristallnacht ( ) or the Night of Broken Glass , also called Name_conferral the November Pogrom Killing ( s ) , was a pogrom Killing against Jews carried out Military_operation by SA paramilitary forces Hostile_encounter and civilians throughout Nazi Germany on 9–10 November 1938 .

British historian Martin Gilbert wrote Writing that no event in the history of German Jews between 1933 and 1945 was so widely reported Reporting as it was happening , and the accounts from foreign journalists working Being_in_operation in Germany sent Sending shockwaves around the world .

Early reports Reporting estimated Statement that 91 Jews had been murdered Killing .

Historians view Perception_active `` Kristallnacht '' as a prelude to the Final Solution and the murder Killing of six million Jews during the Holocaust .

The Ustashe regime ( mostly Croats , but also Muslims and others ) committed Commitment genocide against Serbs , Jews , Roma and anti-Fascist Croats .

Hungarian occupation troops massacred Killing civilians ( mostly Serbs and Jews ) during a major raid Attack in southern Bačka , under the pretext of suppressing resistance activities .

The Germans justified Justifying these genocides Killing on the basis of Nazi racial theory , which regarded Poles and other Slavic peoples as racially inferior `` Untermenschen '' and depicted Create_artwork Jews as a constant threat Warning .

The genocides Killing claimed Statement the lives of 2.7 to 3 million Polish Jews and 1.8 to 2.77 million non-Jewish ethnic Poles , according to various sources such as Poland 's Institute of National Remembrance .

On 7 September 1939 , Reinhard Heydrich stated Statement that all Polish nobles , clergy , and Jews were to be killed Killing .

After Germany lost Earnings_and_losses the war Hostile_encounter , the International Military Tribunal at the Nuremberg Trials and Poland 's Supreme National Tribunal concluded Process_end that the aim Aiming of German policies in Poland – the extermination Killing of Poles and Jews – had `` all the characteristics of genocide in the biological meaning of this term . ''

The allegations against Israeli agents had `` wide consensus '' amongst Iraqi Jews in Israel .

Many of the Iraqi Jews in Israel who lived Connect in poor conditions blamed Judgment_communication their ills and misfortunes on the Israeli Zionist emissaries or Iraqi Zionist underground movement Participation .

The theory that `` certain Jews '' carried out Action the attacks Attack `` in order to focus the attention of the Israel Government on the plight of the Jews '' was viewed Change_sentiment as `` more plausible than most '' by the British Foreign Office .

The theory that `` certain Jews '' carried out Action the attacks Attack `` in order to focus the attention of the Israel Government on the plight of the Jews '' was viewed Change_sentiment as `` more plausible than most '' by the British Foreign Office .

Those who assign Telling responsibility for the bombings Terrorism to an Israeli or Iraqi Zionist underground movement Participation suggest Justifying the motive was to encourage Convincing Iraqi Jews to immigrate Escaping to Israel , as part of the ongoing Operation Ezra and Nehemiah .

Those historians who have raised Influence questions regarding the guilt of the convicted Iraqi Zionist agents with respect to the bombings Terrorism note that by 13 January 1951 , nearly 86,000 Jews had already registered Recording to immigrate Escaping , and 23,000 had already left Departing for Israel , that the British who were closely monitoring Scrutiny the Jewish street did not even mention Adducing the bombs Terrorism of April and June 1950 , nor were they mentioned Adducing in the Iraqi trials , meaning these were minor events Participation .

The Fraenkels said Telling they understand the magnitude of the loss Earnings_and_losses and that they oppose Agree_or_refuse_to_act any act of violence Violence either by Jews or Arabs .

Mass shootings and gassing operations , carried out Action by the Nazis or willing collaborators , resulted in Causation the death of over a million Soviet Jews as part of the Holocaust .

The aftermath of the war Hostile_encounter ended Process_end `` convivencia '' ( `` live and let live '' ) between religions In the Iberian peninsula : the Jews were forced to convert Change to Christianity or be exiled in 1492 , and by 1501 , all of Granada 's Muslims were obliged to convert Change to Christianity , become Becoming slaves , or be exiled ; by 1526 this prohibition spread Dispersal to the rest Placing of Spain .

After moving Motion all hostages from the aircraft to a disused airport building , the hijackers separated Forming_relationships all Israelis and several non-Israeli Jews from the larger group and forced them into a separate room .

Jews being harboured by Poles were exposed Reveal_secret by German house-to-house clearances and mass evictions of entire neighbourhoods .

According to Irgun sources , the village guards felt Perception_active surprised by `` the Jews '' entering Arriving their village at night and opened Openness fire Use_firearm on the Irgun force .

Four days after the Deir Yassin massacre Killing , on April 13'th , a revenge Revenge attack Attack on the Hadassah medical convoy Patrolling in Jerusalem ended Process_end in a massacre Killing killing Killing 78 Jews , most of whom were medical staff Employment .

The town was plundered Robbery by the Russians after the Polish forces left Departing , although the Russians only plundered Robbery Polish homes , the Jews of Staszów in turn bought Commerce_buy the looted goods from the Russians for 500 rubles , and when the Russians left Departing the town , the Jews returned Giving the robbed Robbery goods to their Polish owners , without demanding Request any payment .

The town was plundered Robbery by the Russians after the Polish forces left Departing , although the Russians only plundered Robbery Polish homes , the Jews of Staszów in turn bought Commerce_buy the looted goods from the Russians for 500 rubles , and when the Russians left Departing the town , the Jews returned Giving the robbed Robbery goods to their Polish owners , without demanding Request any payment .

The Sasanian Persians were joined Becoming_a_member by Nehemiah ben Hushiel and Benjamin of Tiberias ( a man of immense wealth ) , who enlisted and armed Jewish soldiers from Tiberias , Nazareth and the mountain cities of Galilee , and together with a band of Arabs and additional Jews from southern parts of the country they marched on Jerusalem .

Mobs of peasants and laymen travelled Traveling to Anatolia where they came up Motion against the Turks , on the way attacking Attack populations of Jews in the Rhineland .

Several related attacks Attack followed in the Île-de-France region on 7–9 January 2015 , including the Hypercacher kosher supermarket siege where a terrorist held 19 hostages , of whom he murdered Killing 4 Jews .

Many Jews who came to Israel between 1948 and 1951 settled in the refugees ' empty homes , both because of a housing shortage and as a matter of policy to prevent former residents from reclaiming them .

After the Grossaktion Warsaw of summer 1942 , in which more than a quarter of a million Jews were deported Removing from the ghetto to Treblinka and murdered Killing , the remaining Jews began Process_start to build Building bunkers and smuggle weapons and explosives into the ghetto .

After the Grossaktion Warsaw of summer 1942 , in which more than a quarter of a million Jews were deported Removing from the ghetto to Treblinka and murdered Killing , the remaining Jews began Process_start to build Building bunkers and smuggle weapons and explosives into the ghetto .

A small resistance effort to another roundup in January 1943 was partially successful and spurred the Polish groups to support Supporting the Jews in earnest .

A total of 13,000 Jews died Death , about half of them burnt alive or suffocated .

The Jews knew Know that the uprising Change_of_leadership was doomed and their survival was unlikely .

The ensuing massacre , that lasted six days , was methodical and thorough , in which nearly all Muslims and Jews were killed Killing , though most of the women and children were sold Commerce_sell into slavery .

The combatants were , on one side , the Ottoman Empire ( including Kurds and some Arab tribes ) , with some assistance Assistance from the other Central Powers ; and on the other side , the British ( with the help Assistance of Jews , Greeks , Assyrians and the majority of the Arabs , along with Indians under its empire ) , the Russians ( with the help Assistance of Armenians ) and the French from among the Allied Powers .

The first deaths Death of the 1947–49 Palestine war occurred Coming_to_be on 30 November 1947 during an ambush of two buses carrying Jews .

There had been tension and conflict between the Arabs and the Jews , and between each of them and the British forces since the 1917 Balfour Declaration and the 1920 creation of the British Mandate of Palestine .

British policies dissatisfied both Arabs and Jews .

In the three years following the war , about 700,000 Jews emigrated to Israel , many of whom had been expelled Removing from their previous homelands in the Middle East .

He claimed Statement allegiance to Al-Qaeda and said Telling he carried out Action his attacks because of France 's participation in the War in Afghanistan and its ban on Islamic face veils , and justified Justifying his attack on the Jewish school because `` The Jews kill Killing our brothers and sisters in Palestine '' .

Some of the 435 Jews who survived were hidden Hiding_objects by local Arab families , although the extent of this phenomenon is debated Communication .

Soon after , all Hebron 's Jews were evacuated Escaping by the British authorities .

The massacre Killing formed Coming_to_be part of the 1929 Palestine riots Violence , in which a total of 133 Jews and 110 Arabs were killed Killing , and brought Causation the centuries-old Jewish presence in Hebron to an end .

The massacre Killing , together with that of Jews in Safed , sent Causation shock waves through Jewish communities in Palestine and around the world .

The Jewish–Roman wars were a series of large-scale revolts Change_of_leadership by the Jews of the Eastern Mediterranean against the Roman Empire between 66 and 135 CE .

Armenians and Jews were also harmed Bodily_harm .

The pogrom has been compared in some media to the `` Kristallnacht '' , the 1938 pogrom against Jews throughout Nazi Germany .

Events of 5689 Anno Mundi ) refers to a series of demonstrations and riots in late August 1929 when a long-running dispute between Muslims and Jews over access to the Western Wall in Jerusalem escalated Cause_change_of_position_on_a_scale into violence Violence .

The riots took Conquering the form , in the most part , of attacks Attack by Arabs on Jews accompanied by destruction Destroying of Jewish property .