After open war Hostile_encounter reignited Recovering in 143 , Rome sent Sending a series of generals to the Iberian peninsula to deal with the Numantines .

After being absorbed into a cold front , the system went on Motion to become Becoming Hurricane Catastrophe Vince , which affected Influence the Iberian Peninsula .

It ended Process_end with the defeat Conquering of Granada and its annexation by Castile , ending Process_end all Islamic rule on the Iberian peninsula .

The aftermath of the war Hostile_encounter ended Process_end `` convivencia '' ( `` live and let live '' ) between religions In the Iberian peninsula : the Jews were forced to convert Change to Christianity or be exiled in 1492 , and by 1501 , all of Granada 's Muslims were obliged to convert Change to Christianity , become Becoming slaves , or be exiled ; by 1526 this prohibition spread Dispersal to the rest Placing of Spain .

In 644 at Madinah , Caliph Umar ( Omar ) was succeeded Change_of_leadership by Uthman ibn Affan ( Othman ) , during whose twelve-year rule Armenia , Cyprus , and all of Iran , would be added Cause_to_be_included to the growing Expansion Islamic empire ; Afghanistan and North Africa would receive Receiving major invasions Attack ; and Muslim sea raids Attack would range Cause_to_be_included from Rhodes to the southern coasts of the Iberian Peninsula .

The Battle of Roncevaux Pass ( French and English spelling , `` Roncesvalles '' in Spanish , `` Orreaga '' in Basque ) in 778 saw a large force of Basques ambush Attack a part of Charlemagne 's army in Roncevaux Pass , a high mountain pass in the Pyrenees on the present Presence border between France and Spain , after his invasion Attack of the Iberian Peninsula .

The Spanish conquest of the Iberian part of Navarre was initiated Process_start by Ferdinand II of Aragon and completed Process_end by his grandson and successor Charles V in a series of military campaigns Military_operation lasting Being_in_operation from 1512 to 1524 .

Several attempts were made to reconquer Conquering Iberian Navarre immediately following the Castilian invasion .

Brazil 's independence , in particular , shared a common starting point with that of Spanish America , since both conflicts Hostile_encounter were triggered Causation by Napoleon 's invasion of the Iberian Peninsula , which forced the Portuguese royal family to flee to Brazil in 1807 .