The Turkish War of Independence ( `` War of Liberation '' , also known figuratively as `` İstiklâl Harbi '' `` Independence War '' or `` Millî Mücadele '' `` National Campaign '' ; 19 May 1919 – 24 July 1923 ) was fought Hostile_encounter between the Turkish National Movement and the proxies of the Allies – namely Greece on the Western Front , Armenia on the Eastern , France on the Southern , the royalists and the separatists in various cities , and with them , the United Kingdom and Italy in Constantinople ( now Istanbul ) – after parts of the Ottoman Empire were occupied and partitioned following the Ottomans ' defeat Conquering in World War I .

Caspian Airlines Flight 7908 was a scheduled commercial flight from Tehran , Iran , to Yerevan , Armenia , that crashed Catastrophe near the village of Jannatabad , outside the city of Qazvin in north-western Iran , on 15 July 2009 .

Plutarch states Statement that after their disastrous retreat Escaping from the Parthian territories , when the Romans `` set Placing foot in Armenia , as if they had just caught Body_movement sight of that land from the sea , they saluted Rite it and fell to weeping Body_movement and embracing Hold one another for joy . ''

The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict is a territorial and ethnic conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan over the disputed Quarreling region of Nagorno-Karabakh and seven surrounding Surrounding districts , which are `` de facto '' controlled Control by the self-declared Republic of Artsakh , but are internationally recognized Know as `` de jure '' part of Azerbaijan .

The present conflict began Process_start in 1988 , when the Karabakh Armenians demanded Request that Karabakh be transferred Giving from Soviet Azerbaijan to Soviet Armenia .

Sultanov was an Azerbaijani of Kurdish origin known Know for his anti-Armenian views Perception_active , and this decision Deciding was strenuously opposed Agree_or_refuse_to_act by the Armenian population of Karabakh , led by the Karabakh 's Armenian Council , which favored Nagorno-Karabakh 's unification with the newly established Building Republic of Armenia .

It marked the first Ottoman expansion Expansion into Eastern Anatolia ( Western Armenia ) , and the halt Process_end of the Safavid expansion Expansion to the west .

By 642 AD , under Caliph Umar , Arab Muslim forces had laid Placing control Control of Mesopotamia ( 638 ) , Syria ( 641 ) , Egypt ( 642 ) , and had invaded Attack Armenia , all previously territories split Motion between the warring Hostile_encounter Byzantine and Persian Empires , and were concluding Process_end their conquest Conquering of the Persian Empire with their defeat Conquering of the Persian army at the Battle Hostile_encounter of Nahāvand .

In 644 at Madinah , Caliph Umar ( Omar ) was succeeded Change_of_leadership by Uthman ibn Affan ( Othman ) , during whose twelve-year rule Armenia , Cyprus , and all of Iran , would be added Cause_to_be_included to the growing Expansion Islamic empire ; Afghanistan and North Africa would receive Receiving major invasions Attack ; and Muslim sea raids Attack would range Cause_to_be_included from Rhodes to the southern coasts of the Iberian Peninsula .

920 to 976 , the Byzantines finally broke Bodily_harm through the Muslim defences and restored Recovering their control over northern Syria and Greater Armenia .

The Nagorno-Karabakh War Hostile_encounter was an ethnic and territorial conflict Hostile_encounter that took place Process_start in the late 1980s to May 1994 , in the enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh in southwestern Azerbaijan , between the majority ethnic Armenians of Nagorno-Karabakh backed by Armenia , and the Republic of Azerbaijan .

As the war progressed Cause_change_of_position_on_a_scale , Armenia and Azerbaijan , both former Soviet Republics , entangled Participation themselves in protracted Change_event_time , undeclared mountain warfare Hostile_encounter in the mountainous heights of Karabakh as Azerbaijan attempted to curb Hindering the secessionist movement in Nagorno-Karabakh .

The enclave 's parliament had voted Choosing in favor of uniting Collaboration itself with Armenia and a referendum , boycotted Agree_or_refuse_to_act by the Azerbaijani population of Nagorno-Karabakh , was held Defending , whereby most of the voters voted Choosing in favor of independence .

The demand Request to unify with Armenia began Process_start in a relatively peaceful manner in 1988 ; in the following months , as the Soviet Union disintegrated Change , it gradually grew Expansion into an increasingly violent conflict Hostile_encounter between Armenians and Azerbaijanis , resulting in Causation claims Statement of ethnic cleansing by both sides .

Inter-ethnic clashes Hostile_encounter between the two broke out Process_start shortly after the parliament of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast ( NKAO ) in Azerbaijan voted Choosing to unify Cause_to_amalgamate the region with Armenia on 20 February 1988 .

By the end Process_end of the war Hostile_encounter in 1994 , the Armenians were in full control Control of the enclave ( with the exception of the Shahumyan Region ) in addition to surrounding Surrounding areas of Azerbaijan proper , most notably the Lachin Corridor , a mountain pass that links Nagorno-Karabakh with mainland Armenia .

A Russian-brokered ceasefire was signed Sign_agreement in May 1994 , but regular peace talks Communication between Armenia and Azerbaijan mediated by the OSCE Minsk Group have failed to result in Causation a peace treaty .

As many as 230,000 Armenians from Azerbaijan and 800,000 Azerbaijanis from Armenia and Karabakh have been displaced as a result of the conflict Hostile_encounter .

On the Allied side were Arabs who participated Participation in the Arab Revolt and the Armenian militia who participated Participation in the Armenian Resistance during the Armenian Genocide ; along with Armenian volunteer units , the Armenian militia formed Coming_to_be the Armenian Corps of the First Republic of Armenia in 1918 .

After an initial Armenian occupation of what is now eastern Turkey , the army of the Turkish National Movement under Kâzım Karabekir reversed Change the Armenian gains and further invaded Attack and defeated Conquering Armenia , also recapturing Conquering territory which the Ottoman Empire had lost Earnings_and_losses to the Russian Empire in 1855 and 1878 .

The Turkish military victory was followed Self_motion by Soviet Union 's occupation and sovietization of Armenia .

Armenia had territorial disputes Quarreling with the Ottoman Empire .

Armenia resisted Defending until the Allied forces won WWI .

According to Armenian historians , the First Republic of Armenia aimed Aiming to include Cause_to_be_included Nakhchivan among the basic ( Eastern Armenian ) territories of the Erivan Governorate , as well as the eastern and southern parts of the Elisabethpol Governorate .

The Soviet Union dissolved Dispersal in December 1991 , resulting in eleven new countries ( Armenia , Azerbaijan , Belarus , Georgia , Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , Moldova , Tajikistan , Turkmenistan , Ukraine and Uzbekistan ) , which had declared their independence from the Soviet Union in the course of the year , while the Baltic states ( Estonia , Latvia and Lithuania ) regained their independence in September 1991 .

The XV Bolivarian Games Competition ( Spanish : `` Juegos Bolivarianos '' ) were a multi-sport event Competition held Hold between 12–21 August 2005 in Armenia and Pereira , Colombia .

He put an end to Process_end the period of dynastic strife and proceeded to re-strengthen the hold of the Caucasus by re-garrisoning the Iranian territories and cities in what is modern-day Dagestan , Azerbaijan , and Armenia , as well as ravaging and recapturing Georgia and reducing its capital Tbilisi to a pile of ashes in 1795 .

Other territories of the Caucasus ( comprising contemporary eastern Georgia , southern Dagestan , Armenia and Azerbaijan ) were incorporated Cause_to_amalgamate into the Russian empire at various times in the 19th century as a result of Russian wars Hostile_encounter with Persia .

Soviet power was established Creating in the newly independent republics of Armenia , Azerbaijan , Belarus , Georgia and Ukraine which led to Causation their unification into the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR ) in 1922 .

Many local runners , from the neighboring Armenia and Azerbaijan participate Participation as well .