Between 1639 and 1653 , Scotland was involved Cause_to_be_included in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms , a series of wars Hostile_encounter starting Process_start with the Bishops Wars ( between Scotland and England ) , the Irish Rebellion of 1641 , the English Civil War ( and its extension in Scotland ) , the Irish Confederate Wars , and finally the subjugation of Ireland and Scotland by the English Roundhead New Model Army .

The Covenanters raised Cause_change_of_position_on_a_scale a large army from the dependants of their landed class and successfully resisted Defending Charles I 's attempt to impose Action his will on Scotland in the so-called Bishops Wars .

In Kingston upon Hull , where the majority of the inhabitants were Royalists , there was a large arsenal which had been established Building for the Second Bishops ' War in 1638 .

The Bishops ' Wars Hostile_encounter of 1639 and 1640 are generally viewed Perception_active as the starting Process_start point of the 1639–1652 Wars Hostile_encounter of the Three Kingdoms that ultimately involved Cause_to_be_included the whole of the British Isles .

They involved Cause_to_be_included over two million Filipino civilians , as well as several political and military groups , and religious groups led by Cardinal Jaime Sin , the Archbishop of Manila , along with Catholic Bishops ' Conference of the Philippines President Cardinal Ricardo Vidal , the Archbishop of Cebu .

More calls for resignation came from Manila Cardinal Archbishop Jaime Sin , the Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines , former Presidents Corazon Aquino and Fidel Ramos , and Vice President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo ( who had resigned her cabinet position of Secretary of the Department of Social Welfare and Development ) .