In Scotland itself , from 1644–45 a Scottish civil war was fought Hostile_encounter between Scottish Royalists—supporters of Charles I under James Graham , 1st Marquis of Montrose—and the Covenanters , who had controlled Control Scotland since 1639 and allied Collaboration with the English Parliament .

The Scottish Royalists , aided Assistance by Irish troops , had a rapid series of victories in 1644–45 , but were eventually defeated Conquering by the Covenanters .

The Covenanters then found Know themselves at odds with the English Parliament , so they crowned Change_of_leadership Charles II at Scone and thus stated Statement their intention to place him on the thrones of England and Ireland as well .

The Covenanters raised Cause_change_of_position_on_a_scale a large army from the dependants of their landed class and successfully resisted Defending Charles I 's attempt to impose Action his will on Scotland in the so-called Bishops Wars .

This prospect alarmed Warning Charles ' enemies in England and Scotland and the Covenanters threatened Warning to invade Attack Ireland .

The Covenanters sent Sending an army to Ulster in Ireland in 1642 to protect Defending the Scottish settlers there .

The combined forces Causation of the English Parliamentarians under Lord Fairfax and the Earl of Manchester and the Scottish Covenanters under the Earl of Leven defeated Conquering the Royalists commanded Control by Prince Rupert of the Rhine and the Marquess of Newcastle .

During the summer of 1644 , the Covenanters and Parliamentarians had been besieging Besieging York , which was defended Defending by the Marquess of Newcastle .

On 1 July , Rupert outmanoeuvred the Covenanters and Parliamentarians to relieve Conquering the city .

Towards evening , the Covenanters and Parliamentarians themselves launched Military_operation a surprise attack Hostile_encounter .

The rising Cause_change_of_position_on_a_scale was sparked Process_start by Catholic fears Change_sentiment of an impending invasion Attack of Ireland by anti-Catholic forces Hostile_encounter of the English Long Parliament and the Scottish Covenanters , who were defying Agree_or_refuse_to_act the authority of King Charles I ( king of England , Scotland , and Ireland ) .

When Charles resorted to force , the Covenanters defeated Conquering Royalist forces Causation in Aberdeenshire in 1639 , then an English army in 1640 , leaving Departing them in control Control of Scotland .