The Scottish Royalists , aided Assistance by Irish troops , had a rapid series of victories in 1644–45 , but were eventually defeated Conquering by the Covenanters .

As Royalists and Parliamentarians prepared GetReady for war , Parliament had access Having_or_lacking_access to more military material , due Causation to its possession of all major cities including the large arsenal in London .

In Kingston upon Hull , where the majority of the inhabitants were Royalists , there was a large arsenal which had been established Building for the Second Bishops ' War in 1638 .

To deny Agree_or_refuse_to_act the Royalists access to this , in January 1642 Sir John Hotham was ordered Arranging by Parliament to seize Conquering Hull .

The Royalists ' unsuccessful siege Besieging of the city was a major step on the road to full-scale war which would start Process_start in earnest with the pitched battle Hostile_encounter of Edgehill on 23 October 1642 .

The English Civil War ( 1642–1651 ) was a series of civil wars Hostile_encounter and political machinations between Parliamentarians ( `` Roundheads '' ) and Royalists ( `` Cavaliers '' ) principally over the manner of England 's governance .

The combined forces Causation of the English Parliamentarians under Lord Fairfax and the Earl of Manchester and the Scottish Covenanters under the Earl of Leven defeated Conquering the Royalists commanded Control by Prince Rupert of the Rhine and the Marquess of Newcastle .

After their defeat Hostile_encounter the Royalists effectively abandoned Escaping Northern England , losing Earnings_and_losses much of the manpower from the northern counties of England ( which were strongly Royalist in sympathy ) and also losing Earnings_and_losses access to the European continent through the ports on the North Sea coast .

After a long march , Essex surprised Change_sentiment the Royalists and forced them away from Gloucester before beginning Process_start a retreat Escaping to London .

This left a hole in the Parliamentarian line , dividing the army into two wings through which the Royalists hoped to pass Motion_directional , splitting Destroying the Parliamentarians and allowing Preventing_or_letting Charles 's troops to encircle Besieging and defeat Conquering the enemy .

In line with this , the Royalists moved Motion forward to press Motion the attack , but were forced to halt Process_end by the London Trained Bands .

The next morning , low on ammunition , the Royalists were forced to allow Preventing_or_letting Essex to pass Motion_directional and continue his retreat Escaping to London .

General Manuel Gregório de Sousa Pereira de Sampaio , a first degree viscount of Santa Marta and supreme commander of the division that operated Being_in_operation between the Royalists Coimbra and Vila do Conde , decided Deciding to settle in Vila Nova de Gaia .

On 10 July the Liberal English admiral George Rose Sartorius sent Sending his boats into the mouth of the River Douro and fought Hostile_encounter back the Royalists ' fire .

While protected Defending by the Liberal fleet , the division of Lieutenant-Colonel John Schwalbach crossed Motion_directional the river and occupied Control the Serra do Pilar , in Gaia , forcing Control the Royalists to withdraw Escaping in disorder to Oliveira de Azeméis .

On 18 July , the first attack by the Royalists occurred , without success .

Five days later the Battle of Ponte Ferreira was fought Hostile_encounter , in which a Liberal column routed Bodily_harm the Royalists and returned Arriving to Porto .

In early 1649 , the Confederates allied Collaboration with the English Royalists , who had been defeated Earnings_and_losses by the Parliamentarians in the English Civil War Hostile_encounter .

The Hussites were greatly outnumbered 5 to 1 , and initially hoisted Body_movement the white flag , but when the Royalists refused Agree_or_refuse_to_act to accept their surrender Surrendering the battle Hostile_encounter truly began Process_start .

The subsequent Irish Confederate Wars continued in Ireland until the 1650s , when Oliver Cromwell 's New Model Army decisively defeated Conquering the Irish Catholics and Royalists , and re-conquered the country .

Fought Hostile_encounter by the Parliamentarians , commanded Control by Sydnam Poyntz , and the Royalists under the personal command Control of King Charles I , it was a significant defeat Earnings_and_losses for the Royalists , with heavy losses Earnings_and_losses and Charles prevented Preventing_or_letting from relieving Assistance the Siege Besieging of Chester .

Fought Hostile_encounter by the Parliamentarians , commanded Control by Sydnam Poyntz , and the Royalists under the personal command Control of King Charles I , it was a significant defeat Earnings_and_losses for the Royalists , with heavy losses Earnings_and_losses and Charles prevented Preventing_or_letting from relieving Assistance the Siege Besieging of Chester .

After being driven Motion off the field and failing in an attempt to regroup Cause_to_amalgamate at Chester itself , the Royalists retreated Escaping as dusk fell .