Its name comes from the Shamal ( `` Chammal '' in French ) , a northwesterly wind blowing over Iraq and the Persian Gulf states .

Airstrikes over Iraq started Process_start 19 September 2014 , airstrikes over Syria started Process_start by the end of September 2015 .

The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant claimed responsibility for the attack Attack .

The base is also used Using by UK forces in Iraq .

Mahmud Barzanji revolts were a series of armed Bearing_arms uprisings by Kurdish Sheykh Mahmud Barzanji against the Iraqi authority in newly conquered Conquering British Mesopotamia and later the British Mandate in Iraq .

Sheykh Mahmud retreated Escaping into mountains , and eventually reached Arriving terms with the independent Kingdom of Iraq in 1932 , over his return Arriving from the underground .

The insurgency Change_of_leadership in the North Caucasus is a low-level armed Bearing_arms conflict Hostile_encounter between Russia and militants associated Collaboration with the Caucasus Emirate and , since June 2015 , Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant ( ISIL ) groups .

Between 780–1180 , the Byzantine Empire and the Abbasid & Fatimid caliphates in the regions of Iraq , Palestine , Syria , Anatolia and Southern Italy fought Hostile_encounter a series of wars for supremacy in the Eastern Mediterranean .

Government officials blamed Judgment_communication the unrest Violence on Britain , whose troops based just across the border in southern Iraq .

Operation Red Dawn was an American military operation conducted Action on 13 December 2003 in the town of ad-Dawr , Iraq , near Tikrit , that led to Causation the capture Arrest of Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein .

The Baghdad police recruitment centre bombing Attack was a suspected suicide bombing Terrorism in the city of Baghdad , Iraq , that killed Killing 28 people on 8 March 2009 .

The death toll is the highest reported Reporting incident in Iraq for nearly one month .

Initially , many media organisations mistook Coming_to_believe it for the flag used Using by the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria ( ISIS ) ; Monis later demanded Request that an ISIS flag be brought Bringing to him .

On 7 February 2015 three separate bombings Attack in Baghdad , the capital city of Iraq , killed Killing at least 36 people .

Operation Military_operation Spear was a United States operation Military_operation , conducted Action by U.S. Marines , in Karabillah , Iraq , announced Expressing_publicly in June 2005 .

The main objective was to provide Supply proof of foreign fighters , mainly Syrian , passing Motion_directional through the borders between Iraq and Syria .

Coalition leaders said Statement that foreign fighters were using Using the area to infiltrate into Iraq .

From the city foreigners would spread Dispersal around Iraq .

Kobanî , which is approximately 10 km from Suruç , was until January under siege by Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant ( ISIL ) forces .

The next day , ISIL ( the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant ) claimed Statement responsibility for the attack .

This led to Causation Turkey launching Military_operation Operation Martyr Yalçın , a series of airstrikes Attack against mostly Kurdish militant positions in Northern Iraq and Syria .

The government of Iran has never employed Employment the same level of brutality against its Kurds as did Turkey or Iraq , but it has always been implacably opposed Agree_or_refuse_to_act to any suggestion of Kurdish separatism .

Beginning Process_start in December 2012 , Sunnis in Iraq protested Protest against the Maliki government .

This incident Protest led to Causation violence Violence in Al Anbar Governorate between the Iraqi Army and a loose alliance of tribal militias and other groups fighting Hostile_encounter alongside the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant ( ISIL ) .

In June , ISIL launched Process_start a major offensive Attack in Anbar in conjunction Collaboration with their assault Attack on Northern Iraq .

The withdrawal Escaping of U.S. military forces from Iraq began Process_start in December 2007 with the end of the Iraq War troop surge of 2007 and was completed Process_end by December 2011 , bringing an end to the Iraq War .

The withdrawal Escaping of U.S. military forces from Iraq began Process_start in December 2007 with the end of the Iraq War troop surge of 2007 and was completed Process_end by December 2011 , bringing an end to the Iraq War .

The withdrawal Escaping of U.S. military forces from Iraq began Process_start in December 2007 with the end of the Iraq War troop surge of 2007 and was completed Process_end by December 2011 , bringing an end to the Iraq War .

The number of U.S. military forces in Iraq peaked Cause_change_of_position_on_a_scale at 170,300 in November 2007 .

The withdrawal Escaping of U.S. military forces from Iraq was a contentious issue in the United States for much of the 2000s .

As the war progressed Achieve from its initial invasion phase in 2003 to a nearly decade-long occupation , American public opinion shifted Change towards favoring a troop withdrawal ; in May 2007 , 55 % of Americans believed Know that the Iraq War was a mistake , and 51 % of registered voters favored Supporting troop withdrawal .

In late April 2007 Congress passed a supplementary spending bill for Iraq that set Placing a deadline for troop withdrawal but President Bush vetoed Agree_or_refuse_to_act this bill , citing his concerns about setting a withdrawal deadline .

The last U.S. troops left Departing Iraq on 18 December 2011 , in accordance with this agreement .

In 2014 , the advance of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant ( ISIL ) from Syria to Iraq 's western provinces prompted Causation the U.S. to intervene Hindering again , alongside other militaries , to combat ISIL .

In 2014 , the advance of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant ( ISIL ) from Syria to Iraq 's western provinces prompted Causation the U.S. to intervene Hindering again , alongside other militaries , to combat ISIL .

In January 2019 , Secretary Pompeo put Placing the number of U.S. troops in Iraq at approximately 5,000 .

Egypt , Jordan , Syria , and expeditionary forces from Iraq entered Palestine , even though Jordan had declared Expressing_publicly privately to Yishuv emissaries on 2 May that it would not attack the Jewish state .

On 12 April 2007 , the canteen of the Council of Representatives of Iraq building was attacked Attack by a suicide bomber , killing Killing one to eight people and wounding Bodily_harm 23 others .

The Highway of Death Death ( `` ṭarīq al-mawt '' ) is a six-lane highway between Kuwait and Iraq , officially known as Highway 80 .

It runs from Kuwait City to the border town of Safwan in Iraq and then on to the Iraqi city of Basra .

It was repaired Self_motion after the Persian Gulf War Hostile_encounter and used Using by U.S. and British forces Military_operation in the initial stages of the 2003 invasion Attack of Iraq .

The Northern Iraq offensive began Process_start on 4 June 2014 , when the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant ( ISIL ; sometimes referred Statement to as the Islamic State ( IS ) ) and aligned forces began Process_start a major offensive in northern Iraq against the Iraqi government , following earlier clashes that had begun Process_start in December 2013 .

The Northern Iraq offensive began Process_start on 4 June 2014 , when the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant ( ISIL ; sometimes referred Statement to as the Islamic State ( IS ) ) and aligned forces began Process_start a major offensive in northern Iraq against the Iraqi government , following earlier clashes that had begun Process_start in December 2013 .

The Northern Iraq offensive began Process_start on 4 June 2014 , when the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant ( ISIL ; sometimes referred Statement to as the Islamic State ( IS ) ) and aligned forces began Process_start a major offensive in northern Iraq against the Iraqi government , following earlier clashes that had begun Process_start in December 2013 .

As Iraqi government forces fled Escaping south on 13 June , the Kurdish forces took Conquering control Control of the oil hub of Kirkuk , part of the disputed Quarreling territories of Northern Iraq .

By late June , Iraq had lost Earnings_and_losses control Control of its border with Jordan and Syria .

The then Prime Minister of Iraq Nouri al-Maliki called Name_conferral for a national state of emergency on 10 June following the attack on Mosul , which had been seized overnight .

However , despite the security crisis , Iraq 's parliament did not allow Preventing_or_letting Maliki to declare Expressing_publicly a state of emergency ; many Sunni Arab and ethnic Kurdish legislators boycotted the session because they opposed Preventing_or_letting expanding the prime minister 's powers .

It was reported Reporting that 35 ISIL militants had been killed Killing in the first wave after footage from the fighter jets and unmanned aircraft were analysed , while the airstrikes Attack in Northern Iraq were confirmed Check to have killed Killing a high-ranking PKK militant and were alleged Statement to have killed Killing the PKK commander Murat Karayılan .

The First Battle of Tikrit was a battle Hostile_encounter for the Iraqi city of Tikrit following the city 's capture Conquering by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant ( ISIL ) and Ba'athist Loyalists during the 2014 Northern Iraq offensive .