After the French Monarchy was abolished GiveUp in September 1792 the United States refused Agree_or_refuse_to_act to continue repaying its large debt to France , which had supported Supporting it during its own War for Independence .

The 5 October 1910 revolution Reforming_a_system was the overthrow Change_of_leadership of the centuries-old Portuguese Monarchy and its replacement by the Portuguese First Republic .

By 1910 , the Kingdom of Portugal was in deep crisis : British pressure Request on Portugal 's colonies , the royal family 's expenses , the assassination Killing of the King and his heir in 1908 , changing Change religious and social views , instability of the two political parties ( Progressive and Regenerador ) , the dictatorship of João Franco , the independence movement Reforming_a_system of its most valuable colony , Brazil , and the regime 's apparent inability to adapt Cause_to_make_progress to modern times all led to Causation widespread resentment against the Monarchy .

The Second Northern War ( 1655–60 , also First or Little Northern War ) was fought Hostile_encounter between Sweden and its adversaries the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth ( 1655–60 ) , the Moscow Tsardom ( 1656–58 ) , Brandenburg-Prussia ( 1657–60 ) , the Habsburg Monarchy ( 1657–60 ) and Denmark–Norway ( 1657–58 and 1658–60 ) .

The Battle Hostile_encounter of Castiglione saw the French Army of Italy under General Napoleon Bonaparte attack Attack an army of Habsburg Monarchy led by `` Feldmarschall '' Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser on 5 August 1796 .

In September 1805 the Electorate of Bavaria under Prince-elector Maximilian I Joseph of Wittelsbach , that had been allied Collaboration with the Habsburg Monarchy under the common federally structured Holy Roman Empire , went Change over to Napoleonic France : the Bavarian Minister Count Maximilian von Montgelas , realizing the French superiority while fearing the ambitions of the newly established Austrian Empire , signed Sign_agreement a secret defence alliance at Bogenhausen .

In France the revolutionary events ended Process_end the July Monarchy ( 1830–1848 ) and led to Causation the creation Creating of the French Second Republic .

The Ottoman–Habsburg wars Hostile_encounter were fought Hostile_encounter from the 16th through the 18th centuries between the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg Monarchy , which was at times supported Supporting by the Holy Roman Empire , Kingdom of Hungary , Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth , and Habsburg Spain .