Britain and France both controlled Control colonies on the Indian Subcontinent and when the French National Convention declared Expressing_publicly war on Britain on 1 February 1793 , both sides were prepared GetReady for conflict in India .

This war Hostile_encounter broke out Process_start in 1585 and was fought Hostile_encounter not only in the European theatre but in Spain 's American colonies .

By 1910 , the Kingdom of Portugal was in deep crisis : British pressure Request on Portugal 's colonies , the royal family 's expenses , the assassination Killing of the King and his heir in 1908 , changing Change religious and social views , instability of the two political parties ( Progressive and Regenerador ) , the dictatorship of João Franco , the independence movement Reforming_a_system of its most valuable colony , Brazil , and the regime 's apparent inability to adapt Cause_to_make_progress to modern times all led to Causation widespread resentment against the Monarchy .

All self-governing British colonies were invited Request to send Sending delegates with the exception of Newfoundland Colony .

delegates were sent Sending to the conference Communication by canada , new zealand , the australian self-governing colonies of new south wales , queensland , south australia , tasmania and victoria and the south african colony of cape colony .

In addition to discussing Communication telecommunications issues Creating , the conference also approved Ratification a resolution favouring preferential trade within the Empire , however , this resolution was opposed Agree_or_refuse_to_act by Australia 's largest colonies , New South Wales and Queensland , who were suspicious the Canadian initiative seemed Change_sentiment designed Using to undermine Australia 's protective tariffs .

For most of the Seven Years ' War Spain remained neutral , turning down both the French and British , but during the war 's latter stages , the Spanish became Becoming alarmed Warning at the threat posed Causation by the British to their colonies as French losses Earnings_and_losses mounted .

In anticipation of the Spanish entering Arriving the war Hostile_encounter on the French side , the British attacked Attack Spanish colonies .

The first Australian census Scrutiny was held in 1911 , on the night of 2 April ( previous censuses Scrutiny being organised Arranging by the colonies ) and subsequent censuses Scrutiny were held in 1921 , 1933 , 1947 , 1954 and 1961 .

chamberlain used the occasion to resubmit Submitting_documents his earlier proposals Statement made Creating at the 1897 colonial conference Social_event for an imperial council made up of colonial representatives which would act as a unk parliament and make decisions Deciding for the colonies on imperial policy .

The colonies , however , passed a resolution rejecting Agree_or_refuse_to_act imperial free trade .

The colonies assembled the largest army that New England had yet mustered , consisting of 1,000 militia and 150 Indian allies , and Governor Josiah Winslow marshaled them to attack Attack the Narragansetts in November 1675 .

They pushed Motion back the colonial frontier in Massachusetts Bay , Plymouth , and Rhode Island colonies , burning Bodily_harm towns as they went Motion , including Providence in March 1676 .

The Carthaginian army under Hannibal Mago besieged Besieging the Dorian Greek city of Akragas in retaliation Revenge for the Greek raids on Punic colonies in Sicily .

The action formed Becoming part of the blockade Besieging of the French Biscay ports during the war Hostile_encounter by the British Royal Navy , a strategy designed Creating to prevent Preventing_or_letting ships from entering Arriving or leaving Departing French harbours , thus eliminating Removing foreign trade Exchange with France and damaging Damaging the French economy as well as cutting Removing France off from her overseas colonies .

Other French colonies were seized Conquering over the next two years as the blockade Besieging cut off Hindering French communications Communication with their overseas territories .

the batavian government , not yet aware Perception_active of the capture Conquering of the cape colony , but worried by rumors of the loss Earnings_and_losses of this and other colonies of the dutch east india company ( which was about to be nationalized Reforming_a_system by the batavian republic , because it was virtually bankrupt ) , in november 1795 decided Deciding to send Sending an expeditionary force to the dutch east indies by way of the cape , and if necessary recapture Conquering the colony .

Italy was allowed Preventing_or_letting to occupy Hold the territory it had captured Conquering in the brief fighting Hostile_encounter , a demilitarised zone was created Creating on the French side of the border , Italian economic control Control was extended Expansion into south-east France up to the Rhône and Italy obtained Getting certain rights and concessions in certain French colonies .

british military efforts were aided Assistance by cape colony , the colony of natal and some native african allies , and further supported Supporting by volunteers from the british empire , including southern africa , the australian colonies , canada , india and new zealand .

The Invasion of Ceylon was a military campaign fought as a series of amphibious operations between the summer of 1795 and spring of 1796 between the garrison of the Batavian colonies on the Indian Ocean island of Ceylon ( now Sri Lanka ) and a British invasion Attack force sent Sending from British India .

The British government , working with the exiled Stadtholder William of Orange , ordered Arranging the seizure of Batavian assets including colonies of the former Dutch Empire .

French efforts were made Manufacturing more difficult due to the limited Limiting usefulness of armored tanks in a jungle environment , lack of strong air forces for air cover and carpet bombing Attack , and use Using of foreign recruits from other French colonies ( mainly from Algeria , Morocco and even Vietnam ) .

However , it is more widely accepted Receiving that the Pacific War itself began Process_start on 7/8 December 1941 , when the Japanese invaded Attack Thailand and attacked Attack the British colonies of Malaya , Singapore , and Hong Kong as well as the United States military and naval bases in Hawaii , Wake Island , Guam , and the Philippines .

Despite the threat that their ships faced Confronting_problem , communication Communication and the transfer of supplies between France and her colonies was vital to the French war Hostile_encounter effort , and the French Navy made Action constant attempts to evade the patrolling Patrolling British squadrons .

The target Aiming was the Tea Act Action of May 10 , 1773 , which allowed Preventing_or_letting the British East India company to sell Commerce_sell tea from China in American colonies without paying Commerce_pay taxes apart from those imposed Action by the Townshend Acts .

Protesters had successfully prevented Preventing_or_letting the unloading Placing of tea in three other colonies , but in Boston , embattled Royal Governor Thomas Hutchinson refused Agree_or_refuse_to_act to allow Preventing_or_letting the tea to be returned Arriving to Britain .

the french revolution Change_of_leadership ( ) was a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in france and its colonies beginning Process_start in 1789 .

The dictatorship imposed Action by the Committee of Public Safety during the Reign of Terror , from 1793 until 1794 , established Building price controls on food and other items , abolished slavery in French colonies abroad , de-established the Catholic church ( dechristianised society ) and created Creating a secular Republican calendar , religious leaders were expelled Removing , and the borders of the new republic were secured from its enemies .

Beginning Process_start in 1602 , the conflict Hostile_encounter primarily involved Cause_to_be_included the Dutch companies invading Attack Portuguese colonies in the Americas , Africa , India and the Far East .

After centuries of Portuguese colonial rule Control in East Timor , a 1974 coup in Portugal led to the decolonisation of its former colonies , creating Creating instability in East Timor and leaving Causation its future uncertain .

It was the second law requiring religious tolerance in the British North American colonies and created Creating one of the pioneer statutes passed Motion_directional by the legislative body of an organized Arranging colonial government to guarantee Commitment any degree of religious liberty .

The Calvert family , who founded Creating Maryland partly as a refuge for English Catholics , sought enactment of the law to protect Defending Catholic settlers and those of other religions that did not conform to the dominant Anglicanism of Britain and her colonies .

As the first law on religious tolerance in the British North America , it influenced Influence related laws in other colonies and portions of it were echoed in the writing Writing of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution , which enshrined religious freedom in American law .

The Spanish ships were a treasure convoy , carrying Carry_goods silver specie and luxury trade goods across the Atlantic Ocean from the colonies of New Spain to Spain .

The French made Action numerous efforts to supply Supply their colonies during this period , attempting to use Using fast frigates to bring Bringing food and military Military_operation stores to the Caribbean past the British blockades , themselves a response Response to Napoleon 's Continental System , but often losing Earnings_and_losses the vessels in the process .

The conference decided Deciding to cease Process_end referring to self-governing British colonies as colonies and conferred upon Giving them dominion status .

The conference decided Deciding to cease Process_end referring to self-governing British colonies as colonies and conferred upon Giving them dominion status .

natal and cape colony would unite Cause_to_amalgamate with the two boer colonies of orange river colony and transvaal colony , which had been given Giving self-government in 1907 , to form Coming_to_be the union of south africa as a dominion in 1910 .

although anglo-french skirmishes over their american colonies had begun Process_start with what became Becoming the french and indian war in 1754 , the large-scale conflict Hostile_encounter that drew Motion in most of the european powers was centered Placing on austria 's desire to recover silesia from prussia .

In the first half of the 16th century , Spain established Creating neighbouring colonies in Yucatán to the north and Guatemala to the south .

The Portuguese Colonial War ( ) , also known Know in Portugal as the Overseas War ( ) or in the former colonies as the War of Liberation ( ) , was fought Hostile_encounter between Portugal 's military and the emerging nationalist movements in Portugal 's African colonies between 1961 and 1974 .

The Portuguese Colonial War ( ) , also known Know in Portugal as the Overseas War ( ) or in the former colonies as the War of Liberation ( ) , was fought Hostile_encounter between Portugal 's military and the emerging nationalist movements in Portugal 's African colonies between 1961 and 1974 .

Unlike other European nations during the 1950s and 1960s , the Portuguese Estado Novo regime did not withdraw Escaping from its African colonies , or the overseas provinces ( `` províncias ultramarinas '' ) as those territories had been officially called Name_conferral since 1951 .

The former colonies faced Confronting_problem severe problems after independence .

The French and Indian War ( 1754–1758 ) pitted Hostile_encounter the colonies of British America against those of New France , each side supported by military units from the parent country and by American Indian allies .

At the start of the war , the French colonies had a population of roughly 60,000 settlers , compared with 2 million in the British colonies .

At the start of the war , the French colonies had a population of roughly 60,000 settlers , compared with 2 million in the British colonies .

Fighting took place Process_start primarily along the frontiers between New France and the British colonies , from the Province of Virginia in the south to Newfoundland in the north .

William Pitt came to Self_motion power and significantly increased Cause_change_of_position_on_a_scale British military resources in the colonies at a time when France was unwilling to risk large convoys to aid the limited forces that they had in New France , preferring to concentrate their forces against Prussia and its allies who were now engaged in the Seven Years ' War in Europe .

They succeeded in capturing territory in surrounding colonies and ultimately the city of Quebec ( 1759 ) .