With the establishment of the Turkish National Movement , the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire , and the abolition of the sultanate , the Ottoman era and the Empire came to Self_motion an end Process_end , and with Atatürk 's reforms , the Turks created Creating the modern , secular nation-state of Turkey on the political front .

Instead , he declared Expressing_publicly religious parity for his subjects and , in 1583 , married Forming_relationships Agnes von Mansfeld-Eisleben , intending to convert Change the ecclesiastical principality into a secular , dynastic duchy .

The political background is the race Competition between Prime Minister Nouri Maliki , a Shia Islamist , and former Prime Minister Iyad Allawi , a secular Shia supported Supporting by Iraq 's Sunnis .

The dictatorship imposed Action by the Committee of Public Safety during the Reign of Terror , from 1793 until 1794 , established Building price controls on food and other items , abolished slavery in French colonies abroad , de-established the Catholic church ( dechristianised society ) and created Creating a secular Republican calendar , religious leaders were expelled Removing , and the borders of the new republic were secured from its enemies .

Demonstrations against the Shah commenced Process_start in October 1977 , developing into a campaign of civil resistance that included Cause_to_be_included both secular and religious elements , and which intensified Cause_change_of_strength in January 1978 .

They were called Request to action Response by the secular Catholic priest Miguel Hidalgo , former rector of the Colegio de San Nicolás Obispo .