The first part of the period , from 1804 to 1817 , was marked Recording by a violent struggle for independence from the Ottoman Empire with two armed Bearing_arms uprisings taking place Process_start , ending Process_end with a ceasefire .

It called Name_conferral for national unity , drawing Create_artwork on Serbian history to demand Request the freedom of religion and formal , written rule of law , both of which the Ottoman Empire had failed to provide .

Finally , `` de facto '' independence Change_of_leadership came in 1867 , with the withdrawal Escaping of Ottoman garrisons from the principality ; `` de jure '' independence was formally recognized Know at the Congress of Berlin in 1878 .

The Fall of Philadelphia marked Recording the fall Motion_directional of Philadelphia , the last independent Christian Greek settlement in western Asia Minor , to the Muslim Turks of the Ottoman Sultanate .

In 1378 Manuel II Palaiologos promised Commitment to hand over Giving the city of Philadelphia to the Turks in return for the Ottoman sultan 's aid Assistance in a disastrous Catastrophe Byzantine civil war .

The Capture of Muscat occurred Coming_to_be in 1552 , when an Ottoman fleet under Piri Reis attacked Attack Old Muscat , in modern Oman , and plundered Robbery the town from the Portuguese .

These events followed the important Ottoman defeat Conquering in the Second Siege of Diu in 1546 , which put Placing a stop to their attempts in India , but also the successful Capture of Aden ( 1548 ) , which allowed Preventing_or_letting the Ottomans to resist Defending the Portuguese in the northwestern part of the Indian Ocean .

The Ottomans attempted to intervene Hindering against the Portuguese presence , and four Ottoman ships bombarded Attack the city in 1546 .

The ultimate objective was to seize the islands of Hormuz and Bahrain , in order to block Portuguese access to the Persian Gulf and thus reestablish Recovering Ottoman control of the Indian Ocean Trade .

The Ottoman force consisted Cause_to_be_included in 4 galleons , 25 galleys , and 850 troops ( according to Diogo do Couto , the Ottomans had 15 galleys and 1200 troops ) .

The recently built Building Fort Al-Mirani was besieged Besieging for 18 days with one piece of Ottoman artillery brought on top of a ridge .

Three Ottoman galleys would again occupy Control Muscat in 1581 , letting the population escape Escaping , before the city again fell to the Portuguese in 1588 .

The Invasion Attack of Algiers in 1830 was a large-scale military operation Military_operation by which the Kingdom of France , ruled Control by Charles X , invaded Attack and conquered Conquering the Ottoman Regency of Algiers .

Algiers had been a province of the Ottoman Empire since the Capture of Algiers in 1529 by Hayreddin Barbarossa .

The French quickly defeated Conquering the troops of Hussein Dey , the Ottoman ruler , but native resistance was widespread Dispersal .

The invasion marked Recording the end of several centuries of Ottoman rule in Algeria and the beginning of French Algeria .

The 1921 riot began Process_start as a reaction against a heavy-handed crackdown Process_end on the Khilafat Movement , a campaign Social_event in defense of the Ottoman Caliphate , by the British authorities in the Eranad and Valluvanad `` taluks '' of Malabar .

Forced to make Manufacturing concession to his Hungarian subjects in order to appease them for his indecisive war with the Ottoman Empire , Rudolf ceded Surrendering his Hungarian , Austrian and Moravian holdings to his brother , Matthias .

By mid-1790 , Habsburg Austria ended Process_end its war Military_operation with the Ottoman Empire and prepared GetReady to suppress Hindering the Brabant revolutionaries Change_of_leadership .

The Fall Conquering of Baghdad ( 11 March 1917 ) occurred Presence during the Mesopotamia Campaign Military_operation , fought Hostile_encounter between the forces of the British Empire and the Ottoman Turkish Empire in the First World War Hostile_encounter .

The Ottoman forces were smaller , perhaps around 25,000 strong under the overall command Control of General Khalil Pasha .

Here the Ottoman and German garrison had been ordered Request by the commander of the Yildirim Army Group to fight Hostile_encounter to the last man .

Samakh , in the centre of a rearguard line stretching Expansion from Tiberias through Samakh and on to Deraa was intended to cover Filling the retreat Escaping of three Ottoman armies .

These and other battles Hostile_encounter fought during the Battle Hostile_encounter of Nablus including the Third Transjordan attack Attack , also part of the Battle Hostile_encounter of Megiddo , forced Motion the retreat Escaping of the Ottoman Fourth , the Seventh and the Eighth Armies north towards Damascus .

On 20 September , German General Otto Liman von Sanders , the commander of the Yildirim Army Group , ordered Arranging Samakh 's German and Ottoman garrison to prepare GetReady a strong rearguard defence of the town .

By the time the Armistice of Mudros between the Allies and the Ottoman Empire was signed Sign_agreement at the end of October , Aleppo had been captured Conquering and fighting Hostile_encounter was in progress Cause_to_make_progress further north .

The Battle Hostile_encounter of Lepanto was a naval engagement Hostile_encounter that took place Process_start on 7 October 1571 when a fleet Military_operation of the Holy League , a coalition of European Catholic states arranged Arranging by Pope Pius V , inflicted a major defeat on the fleet Military_operation of the Ottoman Empire in the Gulf of Patras .

The Ottoman forces Military_operation were sailing Motion westward from their naval station in `` Lepanto '' ( the Venetian name of ancient `` Naupactus '' , Ottoman `` '' ) when they met Come_together the fleet Military_operation of the Holy League which was sailing Motion east from Messina , Sicily .

The Ottoman forces Military_operation were sailing Motion westward from their naval station in `` Lepanto '' ( the Venetian name of ancient `` Naupactus '' , Ottoman `` '' ) when they met Come_together the fleet Military_operation of the Holy League which was sailing Motion east from Messina , Sicily .

The victory Getting of the Holy League is of great importance in the history of Europe and of the Ottoman Empire , marking Recording the turning-point of Ottoman military Military_operation expansion Expansion into the Mediterranean , although the Ottoman wars Military_operation in Europe would continue for another century .

The victory Getting of the Holy League is of great importance in the history of Europe and of the Ottoman Empire , marking Recording the turning-point of Ottoman military Military_operation expansion Expansion into the Mediterranean , although the Ottoman wars Military_operation in Europe would continue for another century .

The victory Getting of the Holy League is of great importance in the history of Europe and of the Ottoman Empire , marking Recording the turning-point of Ottoman military Military_operation expansion Expansion into the Mediterranean , although the Ottoman wars Military_operation in Europe would continue for another century .

For decades , the Ottoman Turks had terrified Europe , and the victories of Suleiman the Magnificent caused Causation Christian Europe serious concern .

The defeat Conquering at Lepanto further exemplified Change_event_time the rapid deterioration Damaging of Ottoman might under Selim II , and Christians rejoiced at this setback Hindering for the Ottomans .

The mystique of Ottoman power was tarnished Destroying significantly by this battle Hostile_encounter , and Christian Europe was heartened Recovering . ''

Some see the attacks Attack as a continuation of a process of Turkification that started Process_start with the decline of the Ottoman Empire , rather than being a contemporary , bilateral issue .

After Baghdad fell to the British on March 11 , 1917 , there were still 10,000 Ottoman troops north of the city , led by Khalil Pasha , who could represent a threat to Anglo-Indian forces .

For two months the British fought Hostile_encounter several costly battles Hostile_encounter to reach Arriving the first day objectives but were defeated Conquering by the Ottoman army .

The Montenegrin–Ottoman War Hostile_encounter ( , `` Montenegrin-Turkish War Hostile_encounter '' ) , also known Know in Montenegro as the Great War Hostile_encounter ( Velji rat / Вељи рат ) , was fought Hostile_encounter between the Principality of Montenegro and the Ottoman Empire between 1876 and 1878 .

Prince Nicholas took Conquering the initiative and counterattacked Attack the Ottoman forces that were coming from the north , south and west .

As an ongoing part of the Balkan Wars Hostile_encounter , the Ottoman Vardar Army retreated Escaping from the defeat at Kumanovo and regrouped Cause_to_amalgamate around Bitola .

The Serbian 1st Army , marching Motion_directional for Bitola , encountered Hostile_encounter heavy Ottoman artillery fire and had to wait Temporary_stay for its own artillery to arrive Arriving .

On the 18th November , following the destruction Destroying of the Ottoman artillery by Serbian artillery , the Serbian right flank pushed Motion through the Vardar Army .

The Ottoman Empire also took advantage of the situation to regain some lost territories from the previous war .