The starting date is conventionally held Defending to be 24 April 1915 , the day that Ottoman authorities rounded up , arrested Arrest , and deported Removing from Constantinople ( now Istanbul ) to the region of Angora ( Ankara ) , 235 to 270 Armenian intellectuals and community leaders , the majority of whom were eventually murdered Committing_crime .

The 1534 capture Conquering of Baghdad by Suleiman the Magnificent of the Ottoman Empire from the Safavid dynasty under Tahmasp I was part the Ottoman–Safavid War Hostile_encounter of 1532 to 1555 , itself part a series of Ottoman–Persian Wars Hostile_encounter .

It represented , along with the fall Conquering of Basra in 1546 , a significant step towards eventual Ottoman victory Getting and the procurement Commerce_buy of the lower Mesopotamia , the mouths of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers , opening Openness a trading outlet into the Persian Gulf .

The Assyrian genocide Killing ( also known as Sayfo or Seyfo , `` Sword '' ; or ) refers to the mass slaughter of the Assyrian population of the Ottoman Empire and those in neighbouring Persia by Ottoman troops during the First World War Hostile_encounter , in conjunction with the Armenian and Greek genocides Killing .

The Assyrian genocide Killing ( also known as Sayfo or Seyfo , `` Sword '' ; or ) refers to the mass slaughter of the Assyrian population of the Ottoman Empire and those in neighbouring Persia by Ottoman troops during the First World War Hostile_encounter , in conjunction with the Armenian and Greek genocides Killing .

The Assyrian civilian population of upper Mesopotamia ( the Tur Abdin region , the Hakkâri , Van , and Siirt provinces of present-day southeastern Turkey , and the Urmia region of northwestern Iran ) was forcibly relocated Departing and massacred Killing by the Ottoman army , together with other armed and allied Collaboration Muslim peoples , including Kurds , Chechens and Circassians , between 1914 and 1920 , with further attacks Attack on unarmed Bearing_arms fleeing Escaping civilians conducted Action by local Arab militias .

In 2007 , the International Association of Genocide Scholars ( IAGS ) reached Arriving a consensus that the `` Ottoman campaign Military_operation against Christian minorities of the Empire between 1914 and 1923 constituted a genocide Killing against Armenians , Assyrians , and Pontian and Anatolian Greeks . ''

Gregory Stanton , the President of the IAGS in 2007–2008 and the founder of Genocide Watch , endorsed Agree_or_refuse_to_act the `` repudiation Statement by the world 's leading Causation genocide scholars of the Turkish government 's ninety-year denial of the Ottoman Empire 's genocides Killing against its Christian populations , including Assyrians , Greeks , and Armenians . ''

The invasion Attack began Process_start with Charles 's crossing Motion_directional of the Vistula on 1 January 1708 , and effectively ended Process_end with the Swedish defeat Conquering in the Battle of Poltava on 8 July 1709 , though Charles continued to pose a military threat to Russia for several years while under the protection of the Ottoman Turks .

Charles fled Escaping with his surviving 543 men to the protection of the Ottoman Turks to the south , who were traditionally hostile to Russia .

As the Ottomans formed Coming_to_be into a battle Hostile_encounter line , the Russian fleet sailed Self_motion toward the tail end of the Ottoman line in 3 parallel lines , forming Coming_to_be into one line as they did so .

The Ottoman admiral , Hussein Pasha , seeing Traveling his tail threatened Warning , turned Self_motion north and came back Motion parallel to the Russians , who followed suit so the two fleets ended up Process_end on paralleled Motion tracks , heading Self_motion north-east .

This was completed Process_end by about 2 p.m.. Ushakov ordered Arranging 3 frigates to the off-battle side of the van to guard Defending against an Ottoman doubling Cause_change_of_position_on_a_scale of the Russian line ( Ottoman ships of the period were usually coppered and therefore several knots faster than Russian ships Sending ) , leaving Departing 13 ships Sending of 710 guns in his line , opposed to 14 with 900 guns .

This was completed Process_end by about 2 p.m.. Ushakov ordered Arranging 3 frigates to the off-battle side of the van to guard Defending against an Ottoman doubling Cause_change_of_position_on_a_scale of the Russian line ( Ottoman ships of the period were usually coppered and therefore several knots faster than Russian ships Sending ) , leaving Departing 13 ships Sending of 710 guns in his line , opposed to 14 with 900 guns .

Ushakov then turned Self_motion toward the Ottoman ships and firing Attack began Process_start at about 3 p.m..

The Russians followed Self_motion closely , inflicting Causation much damage Damaging - in particular , the Ottoman Vice Admiral 's ship was attacked Attack by `` Ioann Bogoslov '' , and the Admiral 's and Rear-Admiral 's ships by `` Rozhdestvo Christovo '' and `` Preobrazhenie Gospodne '' .

The next day , 2 damaged Damaging Ottoman ships , the `` Kapitana '' ( Vice Admiral 's ship ) and `` Melike Bahri '' were seen Perception_active close by , and the Russians attacked Attack .

Some Russian ships had been chasing Self_motion the rest of the Ottoman fleet but they were losing Earnings_and_losses ground and at about 4:30 p.m. Ushakov recalled Statement them .

The Third Battle of Gaza was fought Hostile_encounter on the night of 1/2 November 1917 between British and Ottoman forces during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of World War I , and came Self_motion after the Egyptian Expeditionary Force ( EEF ) victory at the Battle of Beersheba had ended Process_end the Stalemate in Southern Palestine .

Despite having held Defending this line since March 1917 , the Ottoman Army was forced to evacuate Escaping Gaza and Tel el Khuweilfe during the night of 6/7 November .

The Ottoman defenders were also reinforced Cause_change_of_strength at this time , and both sides carried out Action training while manning the front lines and monitoring the open eastern flank .

The Gaza to Beersheba line subsequently collapsed Destroying and the Ottoman Seventh and Eighth Armies were forced Causation into retreat Escaping .

The Ottoman Bank , at the time , served Assistance as an important financial center for both the Empire and the countries of Europe .

The Ottoman reaction to the takeover saw Self_motion further massacres Killing and pogroms of 6,000 Armenians living in Constantinople and also Hamid threatening to level the entire building Building itself .

The Battle Hostile_encounter of Chunuk Bair ( ) was a World War I battle Hostile_encounter fought Hostile_encounter between the Ottoman defenders and troops of the British Empire over control Control of the peak in August 1915 .

The first troops on the summit were severely depleted Expend_resource by Ottoman return fire and were relieved Process_end at 10:30 pm on 8 August by the Otago Battalion ( NZ ) , and the Wellington Mounted Rifles Regiment , New Zealand and Australian Division .

The New Zealand troops were relieved Cure by 8:00 pm on 9 August by the 6th Battalion , Loyal North Lancashire Regiment , and 5th Battalion , Wiltshire Regiment , who were massacred Killing and driven Motion off the summit in the early morning of 10 August , by an Ottoman counter-attack Attack led by Mustafa Kemal .

This victory Getting by the 52nd ( Lowland ) Division and the Anzac Mounted Division of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force ( EEF ) over a joint Collaboration Ottoman and German force Military_operation , which had marched Self_motion across the Sinai , marked Recording the end Process_end of the Defence of the Suez Canal campaign , also known as the `` Offensive zur Eroberung des Suezkanals '' and the `` İkinci Kanal Harekâtı '' , which had begun Process_start on 26 January 1915 .

This British Empire victory Getting , the first against the Ottoman Empire in the war , ensured Preventing_or_letting the safety of the Suez Canal from ground attacks Attack and ended Process_end the Central Powers ' plans Arranging to disrupt traffic through the canal by gaining Getting control Control of the strategically important northern approaches to it .

Thereafter the Anzac Mounted Division supported Supporting by the Imperial Camel Brigade were on the offensive , pursuing Self_motion the German and Ottoman army many miles across the Sinai Peninsula , reversing Change in a most emphatic manner the defeat Earnings_and_losses suffered Bodily_harm at Katia three months earlier .

From late April 1916 , after a German-led Ottoman force Military_operation attacked Attack British yeomanry at Katia , British Empire forces in the region at first doubled from one brigade to two and then grew as rapidly as the developing infrastructure could support Supporting them .

On 19 July the advance of a large German , Austrian and Ottoman force Military_operation across the northern Sinai was reported Reporting .

During the night of 3–4 August 1916 the advancing Cause_to_make_progress force Military_operation , including the German Pasha I formation and the Ottoman 3rd Infantry Division , launched Motion an attack Attack from Katia on Romani .

Together these four brigades of the Anzac Mounted Division managed Arriving to contain and direct Action the determined Deciding German and Ottoman forces into deep sand .

Coordinated resistance by all these EEF formations , the deep sand , the heat Motion and thirst prevailed Conquering , and the German , Austrian and Ottoman advance was checked Scrutiny .

The pursuit Motion ended Process_end on 12 August , when the German and Ottoman force Military_operation abandoned GiveUp their base at Bir el Abd and retreated Motion to El Arish .

During the period from March to September the Ottoman Army held Defending the hills of Moab on the eastern side of the valley and the northern section of valley .

As a consequence of the major victory at Megiddo the occupied area was consolidated Cause_to_amalgamate with other former Ottoman Empire territories won during the battle Hostile_encounter .

The occupation of Constantinople ( ) ( November 13 , 1918 – October 4 , 1923 ) , the capital of the Ottoman Empire , by British , French and Italian forces , took place Process_start in accordance with the Armistice of Mudros , which ended Process_end Ottoman participation in the First World War .

The occupation of Constantinople ( ) ( November 13 , 1918 – October 4 , 1923 ) , the capital of the Ottoman Empire , by British , French and Italian forces , took place Process_start in accordance with the Armistice of Mudros , which ended Process_end Ottoman participation in the First World War .

The attack was conducted Action by the forces of the Ottoman Turkish Empire , against the forces of the British Empire defending the cove .

Three of these were nominal provinces of the Ottoman Empire , but in practice autonomous : Tripoli , Algiers , and Tunis .

The Barbary Wars Hostile_encounter were a series of conflicts Violence culminating Process_end in two main wars Hostile_encounter fought Hostile_encounter between the United States , Sweden , and the Barbary states ( Ottoman Empire , including Tunis , Algiers , and Tripoli ) of North Africa in the late 18th and early 19th centuries .

Four Balkan states defeated Conquering the Ottoman Empire in the first war .

The conflicts Hostile_encounter ended Process_end catastrophically for the Ottoman Empire , which lost Earnings_and_losses the bulk of its territory in Europe .

By the early 20th century , Bulgaria , Greece , Montenegro and Serbia had achieved Achieve independence from the Ottoman Empire , but large elements of their ethnic populations remained under Ottoman rule .

By the early 20th century , Bulgaria , Greece , Montenegro and Serbia had achieved Achieve independence from the Ottoman Empire , but large elements of their ethnic populations remained under Ottoman rule .

The First Balkan War Military_operation had three main causes Causation : The Ottoman Empire lost Earnings_and_losses all its European territories to the west of the River Maritsa as a result of the two Balkan Wars Hostile_encounter , which thus delineated present-day Turkey 's western border .

A large influx of Turks started Process_start to flee Escaping into the Ottoman heartland from the lost Earnings_and_losses lands .

By 1914 , the remaining core region of the Ottoman Empire had experienced a population increase Cause_change_of_position_on_a_scale of around 2.5 million because of the flood of immigration from the Balkans .